Background The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a recent infectious disease that aggravates the underlying pathophysiology of hyperglycemia in diabetic individuals. This study aimed to detect how diabetes mellitus (DM) affected COVID-19 patients’ morbidity and mortality, and the incidence of neonset DM. Patients and Methods The present study was a cross-sectional study done at Aswan Isolation Hospitals, Egypt. It comprised 200 individuals who had been tested positive for COVID-19. They were divided into two groups: group 1 (pre-existing diabetes = 143 patients) and group 2 (new-onset diabetes = 57 patients), and all patients were subjected to general examinations, hospital stay duration, and investigations, such as (complete blood count, urea, creatinine, HBA1c, fasting, postprandial, and random blood sugar, D-Dimer, ferritin, C-reactive protein, PCR for SARS COV-2 RNA, and CT chest. Results The current study consisted of 94 males and 106 females. According to disease severity, they were 96 (48.0%) critical cases, 57 (28.5%) severe cases, and 47 (23.5%) non-severe cases. The incidence of new-onset DM in COVID-19 patients was 28.5% (57 new cases), with a mortality rate of 42.0% (84 cases). Regarding glycemic control, we found a significant difference in fasting blood sugar (FBS) between the two groups, with a significant increase of FBS in the dead group than in the survived group. We also found a significant age difference in critical than in severe and non-severe groups, with a high mortality rate in older patients. Inflammatory markers, such as ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer, were higher in critical than in severe and non-severe groups. Conclusion The prevalence of new-onset DM is significant among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Older patients were more prone to disease severity with high mortality rate. Inflammatory markers such as CRP and ferritin were significantly related to the COVID-19 severity and outcome.

Background The incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has increased by 30–40% in the last decade. These patients have a higher mortality rate of 3–8 times compared to the general population. In the present study, we aimed to detect cardiovascular complications and their relation to the first-year mortality rate in patients on hemodialysis in Aswan University Hospital, upper Egypt. Patients and Methods Our study was a cross-sectional study which was done at the hemodialysis unit in Aswan University Hospital from May 2016 to May 2018. The study included 100 patients with ESRD on regular hemodialysis (first year on programmed hemodialysis). All patients were subjected to full clinical examination and laboratory studies includngd complete blood count (CBC), kidney function tests, serum calcium and phosphorus level, parathormone (PTH) hormone, serum albumin level, C-reactive protein (CRP), echocardiography and electrocardiogram (ECG), and lateral abdominal x-ray for detection of aortic calcification. Results The present study included 47 males and 53 females, with a mean age of 50.6 ±13.89 years. The main risk factors for patients with ESRD were hypertension (48%) followed by diabetic nephropathy (36%), glomerulonephritis (15%), idiopathic etiology (11%), obstructive uropathy (8%), lupus nephritis (6%), polycystic kidney disease (4%) and cardio renal syndrome (1%). Twenty-seven deaths have been noted during the first year of dialysis treatment. The leading causes of death were cardio-vascular events (66, 67%), infection (22, 22%) and malignancy (11, 11%), The most common cardiovascular events were myocardial infarction (27.8%), sudden cardiac death (SCD) (27.8%) and heart failure (22.2%). Conclusion In conclusion, our study showed that the main risk factors for ESRD patients in Aswan University Hospital are hypertensive nephrosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis and idiopathic etiology, and the main causes of first-year mortality were cardiovascular events followed by infection and malignancy.