Different Aspects of Diabetes in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Abstract

Background The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a recent infectious disease that aggravates the underlying pathophysiology of hyperglycemia in diabetic individuals. This study aimed to detect how diabetes mellitus (DM) affected COVID-19 patients’ morbidity and mortality, and the incidence of neonset DM. Patients and Methods The present study was a cross-sectional study done at Aswan Isolation Hospitals, Egypt. It comprised 200 individuals who had been tested positive for COVID-19. They were divided into two groups: group 1 (pre-existing diabetes = 143 patients) and group 2 (new-onset diabetes = 57 patients), and all patients were subjected to general examinations, hospital stay duration, and investigations, such as (complete blood count, urea, creatinine, HBA1c, fasting, postprandial, and random blood sugar, D-Dimer, ferritin, C-reactive protein, PCR for SARS COV-2 RNA, and CT chest. Results The current study consisted of 94 males and 106 females. According to disease severity, they were 96 (48.0%) critical cases, 57 (28.5%) severe cases, and 47 (23.5%) non-severe cases. The incidence of new-onset DM in COVID-19 patients was 28.5% (57 new cases), with a mortality rate of 42.0% (84 cases). Regarding glycemic control, we found a significant difference in fasting blood sugar (FBS) between the two groups, with a significant increase of FBS in the dead group than in the survived group. We also found a significant age difference in critical than in severe and non-severe groups, with a high mortality rate in older patients. Inflammatory markers, such as ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer, were higher in critical than in severe and non-severe groups. Conclusion The prevalence of new-onset DM is significant among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Older patients were more prone to disease severity with high mortality rate. Inflammatory markers such as CRP and ferritin were significantly related to the COVID-19 severity and outcome.

Neutrophilia and its correlation with increased inflammatory response in COVID-19 in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients

“…Inflammatory markers such as ESR, CRP, and ferritin are significantly correlated with COVID-19 severity and outcomes. [22][23][24] CRP is a partial mediator of the correlation between the severity of COVID-19 and DM, confirming the importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 severity in diabetic patients. 25 Similar to our findings, Guo et al 26 found that diabetic patients had a higher level of CRP (44.8 mg/L vs. 25.8 mg/L; p = 0.003) compared with non-diabetic patients with COVID-19.…”

Glycemic control predicts SARS-CoV-2 prognosis in diabetic subjects

“…The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening condition caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Since the beginning of the pandemic, diabetes mellitus (DM) emerged as a major comorbidity for COVID-19 severity and mortality [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Fortunately, the advent of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines reduced the incidence of COVID-19 post-acute sequelae and comorbidities [8,9].…”