The assumptions that form our focus in this study are water or water-ethylene glycol flowing around a horizontal cylinder, containing hybrid nanoparticles, affected by a magnetic force, and under a constant wall temperature, in addition to considering free convection. The Tiwari–Das model is employed to highlight the influence of the nanoparticles volume fraction on the flow characteristics. A numerical approximate technique called the Keller box method is implemented to obtain a solution to the physical model. The effects of some critical parameters related to heat transmission are also graphically examined and analyzed. The increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction increases the heat transfer rate and liquid velocity; the strength of the magnetic field has an adverse effect on liquid velocity, heat transfer, and skin friction. We find that cobalt nanoparticles provide more efficient support for the heat transfer rate of aluminum oxide than aluminum nanoparticles.
In this study, a mathematical model simulating the flow of ethylene glycol as a micropolar fluid supported by copper or graphene oxide nanoparticles around a cylinder affected by a magnetic field is established. A computational approximation is introduced for the solution of the governing mathematical model using the Keller-Box approximation. In addition, computations are executed with the aid of the MATLAB program to obtain numerical and graphical outcomes and validate and assess them. The graphical outcomes of the influential factors on the physical quantities related to energy transmission are analyzed and discussed. According to these outcomes, all physical groups are decreasing functions of the micropolar factor. With the exception of temperature, increasing the intensity of magnetic parameters has a negative impact on the studied physical groups. The fractional volume factor increases friction forces, the Nusselt number, and the temperature while decreasing velocity and angular velocity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.