We have shown that in addition to melatonin, other structurally related indoleamine compounds have effects on NFκB activation and cytokine expression, GSH, mitochondrial membrane potential, and metabolic activity in endothelial cells cultured under conditions mimicking sepsis. Further work is needed to determine whether these compounds represent therapeutic approaches for disrupting the oxidative stress-inflammatory response signalling pathway in sepsis.

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Background Dentofacial problems have a definitive impact on patients’ psychological well-being, quality of life, and satisfaction. Therefore, patients’ satisfaction with their dentition should be an essential goal for dental caregivers. Aim To compare parental satisfaction with their children’s rapid palatal expansion treatment outcome provided by orthodontists and pediatric dentists. Materials and Methods The authors reviewed 605 medical records and contacted 134 parents whose children received early orthodontic treatment from orthodontists and pediatric dentists using a rapid palatal expander. Eighty-eight parents (65.7%) responded to a validated questionnaire about patients’ satisfaction with orthodontic treatment outcomes. Results At baseline; there were no significant differences in relation to parent-related demographic variables. However, there were statistically significant differences between patients’ ages and treatment duration ( p < 0.001). Independent t -tests showed statistically significant differences in the means for the subscales of doctor–patient relationship and situational aspects ( p < 0.05). Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients and multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the overall satisfaction is significantly related to, and can be predicted by, parents’ educational level, child’s gender, and the specialty of the dentist who provided the treatment ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Overall parental satisfaction with their children’s rapid palatal expansion treatment is significantly higher when provided by pediatric dentists as compared with orthodontists. Factors related to doctor–patient relationship and situational aspects (ie, office location and design, appointment waiting, and treatment duration) significantly impacted parental satisfaction.

Purpose The effectiveness and simplicity of the procedure and the low expense are the main advantages of silver diamine fluoride (SDF). It is useful for controlling caries in challenging patients such as those with special health care needs (SHCN). First aim of this study was to assess parents’ acceptance towards using SDF in SHCN children in their primary and permanent teeth. Second aim was to determine the factors that influence parents’ decisions toward dental treatment options. Patients and Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study included the parents of SHCN children aged 12 years old and younger who were actively seen in pediatric dentistry clinic at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) and were receiving dental treatment. A previously developed and tested questionnaire was used. The surveyors received training about the questionnaire and participants’ consent was obtained before enrolling in the survey. The statistical significance level was set at P<0.05. Results Two hundred twelve participants completed the study questionnaire. Parents had a higher acceptance of SDF use regardless of the tooth location and type when their child had a positive history of pain and/or inflammation (P=0.019). In addition, parents had higher acceptance of SDF staining in primary teeth compared to permanent teeth (P=0.006). Moreover, the acceptance of SDF staining was higher in posterior teeth compared to anterior teeth in both primary and permanent dentition (P<0.001). Conclusion Parental acceptance of SDF was higher for primary compared to permanent teeth and posterior compared to anterior teeth in both dentitions, as well as for those with a positive history of dental pain and/or inflammation.