Sudden prevalence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has badly impeded and collapsed the emerging global trend of economic development by its ongoing pandemic. The novel coronavirus also named severe acute respiratory syndrome virus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the disease COVID-19 that influences the health management of humans and the world commerce badly. It has affected the human social lives and education in underdeveloped countries and severely impeded industries, organizations, agriculture, etc. Three perceptible types of SARS-CoV-2 strains have been discovered. Each of them has specific receptors, and some of them are common in SARS and SARS-CoV-2. Among them, the ACE2 receptor is believed to be the central receptor of human infectious coronaviruses. It supports mainly to get access, enter into the cell, and causes the basic infection. Similarly, TMPRSS2 is also acting as a portal for a virus to get an approach to the cell and does not support metabolic processes like replication virus. ADAM17, which is a member of disintegrins and metalloproteases and is responsible for cell to cell and cell-array interconnections. These receptors can be important for prevention, vaccine development, and therapies. Several therapies in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients have been tried and suggested. Plasma and stem cell therapy reduce the severity of infection at certain levels in individual patients. In this review, we make an effort to cover all of the said aspects of COVID-19 in a very compressive and brief way. Finally, we shed light on vaccination and therapeutic approaches like plasma therapy and stem therapy and their future perspective with the whole discussion conclusion.
Retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED) is a common manifestation in several retinal conditions including age-related macular degeneration1. Based on retinal imaging as well as clinical examination, PEDs can be classified as drusenoid, serous or vascular2,3,4. Vascularised PEDs, as the name suggests, are associated with choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Drusenoid and serous PEDs may or may not have an associated CNV. Anti-VEGF therapy has a well proven role in the treatment of vascularized PED5,6. Less well established is the beneficial effect of anti-VEGF therapy in those PEDs where a CNV is not clearly present. Large serous PEDs were excluded from phase 3 clinical trials such as TAP, ANCHOR and MARINA7,8,9 trials . As such these trials cannot be relied upon to provide management strategies for these lesions. Development of a rip in a PED can result in permanent damage to central vision10,11.Such a rip is often spontaneous although intravitreal therapy can also precipitate an RPE rip12,13. It is therefore desirable to reduce the height of a PED in order to minimize the risk of a rip. Furthermore a longstanding PED presumably interferes with the nutrition to the RPE and photoreceptors and thus early flattening of the PED or reducing its height was an important treatment rationale in this study. No universally agreed guidelines exist on the treatment of PEDs not associated with a CNV. One study14 looked specifically at the role of the anti-VEGF agent Ranibizumab (Lucentis) in non-vascularised PEDs but the follow-up period in that study was 12 months. The purpose of this study is to look at the long term effects of 3 Ranibizumab injections given in eyes with non-vascularised PEDs . The effects were monitored for up to 36 months and to date this is the longest follow-up published for this sub-set of treated patients.
Objective: To evaluate the success rate of Transcanalicular Diode laser assisted Dacryocystorhinostomy (TC-DCR) in cases of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). Methods: This Quasi-Experimental study was conducted in Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO) Rawalpindi, from July 2018 to April 2019. In this study, 73 patients of chronic dacryocystitis secondary to acquired NLDO were treated by TC-DCR under general anaesthesia. Follow up examination was done after one day, one week and three months. Silicone tubes were removed three months after surgery and syringing of lacrimal system done to confirm patency of lacrimal passages. Success of the procedure was documented as absence of epiphora and patent nasolacrimal duct on syringing. Results: Seventy three patients (males 27; females 46) were included in this study. Mean age of these patients was 51.6±21 years. On completion of this study which was three months after surgery, we found subjective improvement (absence of epiphora) in 86.3% patients and objective improvement (successful irrigation of lacrimal passages) in 93.2% patients. Conclusion: TC- DCR is a minimally invasive technique of doing Dacryocystorhinostomy and imparts more than 90% success rate. It has additional advantages of good cosmetic results, low complication rate and short surgery and convalescence time. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1906 How to cite this:Awais M, Naqvi SAH, Akram A, Shahid M. Transcanalicular diode laser assisted dacryocystorhinostomy: A breakthrough in the treatment of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1906 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of sub-conjunctival Bevacizumab after pterygium excision. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Aug 2019 to Jan 2020. Methodology: Thirty-six patients were included and divided into two groups. In group A (n=18), pterygium excision with conjunctival auto-graft was followed by injection of 0.3ml of 7.5mg of Bevacizumab. Patients of Group B (n=18) did not receive any Bevacizumab. All the patients were followed up after 7 days, two weeks, 4weeks and 24 weeks after the start of management. The visual analog score was used for pain assessment, Snellen chart for visual acuity and intraocular pressure was measured with applanation tonometry. Results: After six months the recurrence rate was less in Group-A (n=3, 16.6%, p=0.005) than Group-B (n=4, 22.2%, p=0.01) The recurred pterygium size was also greater in Group-B (mean=0.27 ± 0.28mm, p=0.006) than Group-A (mean=0.11 ± 0.21mm, p=0.006). Patients of Group-A experienced less pain post-surgery. The intraocular pressures were same in both the groups. Visual acuity improvement was seen in the Group-A (n=11, 61%, p=0.008)) than group B (n=4.22%, p=0.008). Conclusion: Administration of Bevacizumab under the conjunctiva after pterygium excision may be useful in averting lesion relapse, less post-op pain, and improved visual acuity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.