The current study was designed to prepare and characterize insulin incorporated nanoparticles by complex coacervation process followed by antidiabetic study of orally administered insulin incorporated nanoparticles in diabetic rats. The nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, loading and entrapment efficiency as well as in vitro release of incorporated insulin. The prepared nanoparticles were found to have an average particle size of 551.67 nm ±45.5. The highest entrapment efficiency and loading capacity values were found to be of 52.48±1.98 and 47.01±1.21, respectively. Oral administration of 10 IU/Kg of insulin loaded nanoparticles to diabetic rats showed a maximum blood glucose change of 53.46 ± 2.19 at 5-hours time period. The results obtained indicate the potential of prepared nanoparticulate system as a carrier for oral delivery of insulin.
SUMMARYIn the present study, various extracts of Clerodendrum infortunatum leaves have been studied for its anthelmintic, antimicrobial and antipyretic activities. In the anthelmintic and antipyretic study it was observed that the benzene extract was more potent than the other two extracts (ethanol and aqueous) even though all the three extracts were endowed with both the properties. The study reveals antimicrobial activity of the extracts against the tested strains of microorganisms between concentration ranges of 75 µg/ml and 350 µg/ml and shows effectiveness more against grampositive bacteria than the gram-negative bacteria.
Recent developments in science and technology lead towards miniaturization, touching all the spheres of life starting from automobile industry to pharmaceutical industry. The advances in nanotechnology, helps in preparing nanoparticles containing biologically active proteins, that have all the benefits of nanoparticulate system as well as maintain the stability and activity of the biological preparations against low pH of gastric fluid and action of proteolytic enzymes. The nanoparticle preparation method discussed is ionic gelation between a polycationic and a polyanionic polymer under magnetic stirring. The polymers used for preparation of nanoparticles are biodegradable and hydrophilic. Nanoparticles due to their small size can penetrate through smaller capillaries and are easily taken up by cells that allow efficient drug accumulation at the target sites. Nanoparticles maintained sustained drug release over a period of days or even weeks decreasing the frequency of injection in case of parenteral preparations. By preparing nanoparticles using polycations like chitosan, the tight junctions between epithelial cells are opened making paracellular diffusion feasible. Therefore, the nanosized biological products are much more efficient in reaching the target site than the original proteins or peptides.
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