<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <em>Bacopa monnieri</em> (L.) locally called Brahmi of Scrophulariaceae family has a long history for numerous therapeutic purposes like memory enhancing, antianxiety and antiepileptic agent. The aim of this study was to investigate phytochemical screening, antibacterial, cytotoxic, analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of <em>B. monnieri</em>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion method. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was carried out to determine cytotoxic potential. Acetic acid induced writhing method was employed for the assessment of analgesic activity of <em>B. monnieri</em> extracts. The neuropharmacological activity was determined by hole cross, open field and thiopental sodium induced sleeping time test using Swiss Albino mice as experimental animal.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Phytochemical screening revealed that <em>n-</em>hexane, dichloromethame and methanolic extracts contained reducing sugar, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and saponins. The sample showed comparable antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. In analgesic activity test, methanol soluble extract showed highest activity compared to standard drug, Diclofenac sodium. The neuropharmacological activity of three extracts showed moderate activity as compared with standard drug, Diazepam and Thiopental sodium.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our exploration suggests that <em>B. monnieri</em> contains bioactive compounds and it should be studied further for isolation and purification of such novel compounds.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
The aim of this study was to evaluate analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of the bark of Erythrina variegata. The analgesic potential of the extract was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing test for peripheral analgesic activity and tail immersion, hot plate, formalin and glutamate test at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight doses. In analgesic activity tests, the extract at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w. produced a remarkable increase in pain threshold in a dose dependent manner. In acetic acid induced writhing test, the inhibitory effect was to be parallel to the reference drug diclofenac sodium. The extract showed 18.89% writhing inhibitory effect at the dose 200 mg/kg b.w., whereas diclofenac sodium showed 79.42% inhibition of writhing at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. The results of tail immersion and hot plate test also showed potential analgesic activity of the extract which is also comparable to the standard drug morphine (5 mg/kg b.w.). In formalin test, the bark extract at doses 200 mg/kg b.w. were found to exhibit the highest 47.80% inhibitory effect in late phase, whereas the reference drug morphine showed 63.64% inhibitory effect on licking of the hind paw. In glutamate test, the bark extract at doses 200 mg/kg b.w. were found to exhibit the highest 68.07% inhibitory effect in late phase, whereas the reference drug diclofenac sodium showed 61.53% inhibitory effect on licking of the hind paw. In conclusion, it can be said that the plant part have potential analgesic activity and may be used to relief pain.
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