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Objective:The aim was to assess the factors influencing the visual outcome following trans-sphenoidal excision of pituitary adenomas.Materials and Methods:One hundred consecutive patients of pituitary adenomas with suprasellar extension (SSE) were operated by trans-sphenoidal approach from July 2003 to December 2006. There were 52 male and 48 female patients with a mean age of 42.47 years. The visual impairment score, which was used to evaluate the visual outcome was produced by adding the scores for visual acuity and visual field defects of each patient (from the tables of the German Ophthalmological Society). The mean diameter, the SSE and the parasellar extension of the lesion were noted in the magnetic resonance imaging study. The average follow-up was 43.5 months.Results:The mean diameter of the tumor was 32.97 mm, and the mean SSE was 14.95 mm. The parasellar extension was present in 27 patients. The vision improved in 61 of the 71 patients (85.91%). The shorter the duration of visual symptoms and smaller the size of the lesion resulted in better visual outcome. The age and the preoperative visual impairment did not show any correlation with the visual outcome.Conclusions:Patients with visual symptoms of <1-year duration (P < 0.01) and adenomas of <36.5 mm diameter (P < 0.009) have better visual outcome.

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analysis of standard, restrictive and supplemental fluid administration in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 2009; 96: 331-41 3 Varadhan KK, Lobo DN. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of intravenous fluid therapy in major elective open abdominal surgery: getting the balance right.

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is an uncommon tumor constitutes less than 1% of all astrocytic glial neoplasms was first reported in 1979. PXA commonly occurs in young patients and manifests itself first as seizures followed by focal neurological deficits. The role of radiotherapy or chemotherapy has not yet been established because of the relative infrequency of this disease. PXA is classified as grade II tumor in the WHO classification of tumors of the CNS. In literature 9 to 20 % PXA may undergo malignant change at recurrence or may display at the time of initial presentation. Malignant transformation is mainly associated with high mitotic activity and necrosis. The criteria for PXA with anaplastic features was five or more mitotic activity per 10 high power fields, necrosis, microvascular proliferation, marked cellular anaplasia, and high Ki-67 labeling indices. PXA with anaplastic features management is highly controversial as very sparse literature is available. We are reporting a case of PXA with anaplastic features with atypical radiology and tried to review the up to date literature regarding this rare tumor.

Cavernomas constitute 5-10% of all the vascular malformations of the CNS. They commonly present during the 2nd and 5th decades of life. Intraventricular cavernomas constitute rare pathological entity, constituting 2.5-10.8% of cerebral cavernomas. (1) The natural history of intraventricular cavernomas remains undefined to some extent. Those in third ventricle are different in biological nature and need more aggressive therapy. These cavernomas appear to have the ability to grow very rapidly, resulting in significant morbidity. It is not known whether waiting after acute hemorrhage from an intraventricular cavernoma improves our ability to remove the lesion safely or if waiting unnecessarily increases the risk of hydrocephalus, additional bleeding, or further lesion growth.

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