Introduction: A well-balanced face has its good proportions in all three dimensions of space, i.e. transverse, sagittal and vertical. The vertical proportions of the face are important in determining the esthetics and harmony of the face. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between dental arch dimensions and the vertical facial pattern determined by the Jarabak ratio, and to examine the differences in dental arch dimensions between male and female untreated adults.
Materials and methods:Lateral cephalograms and study models were obtained from 90 untreated subjects (45 males, 45 females) between 17 and 24 years of age with no crossbite, no/minimal crowding and spacing. The Jarabak ratio (posterior facial height/anterior facial height) was measured on cephalograms of each patient. Study models were used to obtain comprehensive dental measurements, including maxillary and mandibular cumulative mesiodistal width, intercanine, first interpremolar and first intermolar widths as well as arch perimeter, arch length, overbite, palatal height and curve of Spee.
Results:The results showed that, for both males and females, there was a trend that as vertical facial height increased, arch width, arch perimeter and overbite decreased but palatal height and curve of Spee increased and males have significantly larger arch dimensions than those of females.
Conclusion:It was concluded that dental arch dimensions were associated with facial vertical morphology and gender. Thus, using individualized archwires according to each patient's pretreatment arch form and width is suggested during orthodontic treatment.
Introduction: Micro-osteoperforation is a minimally invasive technique that has been used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and reduce treatment duration. However, literature presents conflicting reports about this technique. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of canine retraction and expression of biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial with split-mouth study design. Thirty adult subjects with age above 18 years (20.32 ± 1.96) who required fixed orthodontic treatment and extraction of maxillary first premolars were enrolled and randomly allocated to either the experimental or control group. Randomization was performed by block randomization method, with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The experimental group received three micro-ostoperforations (MOPs) distal to maxillary canine, using the Lance pilot drill. The retraction of maxillary canine was performed with NiTi coil-spring (150g) in both experimental and control groups. The primary outcome was the evaluation of canine retraction rate, measured on study models from the baseline to 16 weeks of canine retraction. Secondary outcomes were the estimation of alkaline and acid phosphates activity in GCF at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of canine retraction only after the first 4 weeks. Subsequently there was no statistically significant difference from the eighth to the sixteenth weeks between MOPs and control group. There was a statistically significant difference in alkaline and acid phosphates activity in GCF between MOPs and control groups during the initial 4 weeks of canine retraction. Conclusion: Micro-ostoperforation increased the rate of tooth movement only for the first 4 weeks; thereafter, no effect was observed on the rate of canine retraction during 8, 12 and 16 weeks. A marked increase in biomarker activity in the first month was observed.
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