Random networks of silver nano wires have been considered for use in transparent conductive films as an alternative to Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), which is unsuitable for flexible devices. However, the random distribution of nano wires makes such conductive films non-uniform. As electrical conductivity is achieved through a percolation process, understanding the scale-dependency of the macroscopic properties (like electrical conductivity) and the exact efficiency of the network (the proportion of nano wires that participate in electrical conduction) is essential for optimizing the design. In this paper, we propose a computational method for identifying the representative volume element (RVE) of nano wire networks. This defines the minimum pixel size in devices using such transparent electrodes. The RVE is used to compute the macroscopic properties of films and to quantify the electrically conducting efficiency of networks. Then, the sheet resistance and transparency of networks are calculated based on the predicted RVEs, in order to analyze the effects of nano wire networks on the electrical and optical properties of conductive films. The results presented in this paper provide insights that help optimizing random nano wire networks in transparent conductive films for achieving better efficiencies.
A polymeric hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS), where HALS moiety was attached at the terminal end of the polypropylene chain via end-functionalized vinylidine PP through simple organic reactions, was synthesized. It comprises the synthesis of vinylidine-terminated polypropylene by using Cp 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO as catalyst system and epoxidation of vinylidene polypropylene. The final product was synthesized by carrying out the reaction between epoxy end functionalized polypropylene and 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetrametyl piperidine. The final product was characterized by using 1 H NMR,
13C NMR, and FT-IR spectra. Functionality was calculated by using vapor phase osmometry and 1 H NMR. The solubility and diffusion coefficient of the product were calculated and also its stabilization performance was checked.
The degradability of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) nanocomposites, prepared from organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), is studied under accelerated UV irradiation (290 nm) for different time intervals. The development of functional groups during degradation is monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy whereas, surface changes are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of clay modifier and clay concentration on the degradability are studied. The degradation of neat polymer and composites taking place traditionally and an increase in carbonyl and hydroxyl groups are observed with irradiation time. Neat EPDM is found to be less degradable than nanocomposites. Degradation products, as seen by FT-IR in nanocomposites are found to be the same as in neat polymer but are generated at a faster rate. According to the experimental results, one can define that both ammonium ion and neat montmorillonite (MMT) accelerate the photo-oxidation of EPDM.
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