Background: (1) To study FSH, LH and Estrogen levels and it's correlation with Serum Ferritin levels in Female Beta Thalassemia Major patients. (2) To study the correlation of these hormones and SMR with Serum Ferritin. (3) To compare these hormone levels and SMR of Patients with Controls. Study Design: It was a cross-sectional case control study done in a tertiary care centre in a large Metropolitan city over a period of 2 years. Methods: The study was approved by the Institutional ethical committee. The patients attending the Emergency, in-patient and outpatient Departments of Pediatrics Division of our institute were enrolled for the study as per the criteria given. It was a cross-sectional case control study done in patients who had already been diagnosed with beta thalassemia major (cases) and healthy girls (controls). The demographic data, ferritin levels, chelation therapy, SMR staging and hormonal essays of FSH, LH, estrogen and their correlation with blood transfusions and serum ferritin levels was studied. Also the hormone levels and SMR staging of patients with thalassemia major were compared with control group. Results: 56 girls having beta thalassemia major (cases) and 50 healthy girls not suffering from any ailments as (controls) per inclusion and exclusion criterion were enrolled in this study. Estimation of FSH in test and control subjects revealed that The difference was not significant in the age group of 8-12 years (P=0.323). The FSH values of cases >12 years were significantly lower than those of controls (P<0.001). Estimation of oestrogen and LH revealed that these values were significantly lower in Thalassemics as compared to non thalassemics in both age groups (P<0.001). 0% Cases and 26.3% Controls had attained Menarche in the age group of 8-12 years whereas 11.4% Cases and 93.3% Controls in the age group of >12 years had attained Menarche . In our study the mean age of attainment of menarche was 14.5 in thalassemics and 11.5 in non thalassemics. The differece was found to be very highly significant (P<0.001). The association of serum ferritin and FSH, LH and oestrogen levels revealed that a statistically significant association was found in between Sr ferritin and FSH (P=0.015) and oestrogen (0.008). While for LH the difference was insignificant (P=0.174). Association of FSH,LH and oestrogen with duration of chelation therapy showed that there was no significant difference in between FSH,LH and oestrogen levels with respect to duration of chelation therapy. Conclusion: Our study concluded that Delayed growth and Puberty is a common complication of beta thalassemia major. Regular chelation therapy reduces serum ferritin levels and improves FSH, LH and estrogen levels.
Budd-Chiari syndrome is a disease complex with varied etiology and is one of the causes of post-hepatic portal hypertension. We report a 2 year-old boy who presented with Budd-Chiari syndrome due to congenital antithrombin III deficiency, who was managed with an expandable metal stent placed in the inferior vena cava and oral anticoagulation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.