Unpredictable rainfall in the tropics often increases the risk of waterlogging or even flooding in agricultural lands, hindering the efforts to fulfill maize demands. Breeding maize for waterlogging tolerance is necessary yet challenging since performing varietal testing on a set of hybrids might be biased toward the presence of genotype and environment interaction (GEI). This study aimed to elucidate the GEI effects on yield and related agronomic traits of tropical maize hybrids under normal irrigation and waterlogging conditions and to assess the adaptability of these hybrids in such conditions using several stability models. Ten hybrids including two commercial checks were evaluated across 14 environments under normal and waterlogging conditions in Indonesia from 2018 to 2020. Waterlogging imposed at the V6 stage for ten consecutive days significantly hampered the plant height and ear height, slightly delayed flowering dates, and reduced yield and yield components. The genotype, location, and genotype by location effects were significant on yield, but the genotype by waterlogging effect was not. Stress tolerance index is highly significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with yield in both normal (r = 0.90) and waterlogging (r = 0.96) conditions. The GGE biplot analysis on yield revealed five sectors, two mega-environments, and five vertex genotypes. This study indicated the possibility of breeding maize hybrids tolerant to waterlogging (G05), as well as high-yielding hybrids under both conditions (G07).

ABSTRAKPropinsi Jawa Timur merupakan daerah penghasil gula terbesar di Indonesia. Dalam lima tahun terakhir produksi gula terus meningkat dan memberikan kontribusi lebih dari 50 persen produksi gula nasional. Sebagai komoditas yang kegiatannya banyak melibatkan masyarakat, industri gula telah memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Dalam kaitan ini pemerintah daerah mengeluarkan berbagai kebijaksanaan untuk mengatur pelaku pasar yang terlibat dalam sistem agribisnis gula. Dua kebijaksanaan yang ditujukan kepada petani tebu adalah penetapan pola glebagan yang menentukan batasan areal tebu seluas 30 persen dari bias wilayah, serta penetapan wilayah ketja pabrik gula. Kedua kebijaksanaan itu telah menghilangkan kesempatan petani untuk memilih komoditas yang ingin diusahakan serta memperoleh penerimaan usahatani yang lebih tinggi. Berbagai hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi pergeseran areal pertanaman tebu rakyat dari lahan sawah ke lahan kering. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penerimaan usahatani tebu pada lahan sawah lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan komoditas alternatif. Sedangkan untuk tebu yang diusahakan pada lahan kering, tingkat penerimaan yang diperoleh pada sebagian besar lokasi penelitian lebih tinggi. Untuk mempertahankan pertanaman tebu pada lahan sawah diperlukan perhatian terhadap faktor utama yang menentukan daya saing, yaitu produktivitas hablur serta perbandingan harga provenue gula dan harga dasar gabah. Dalam kaitan ini berbagai program hendaknya diarahkan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman tebu, serta perbaikan efisiensi dan lcinerja pabrik gula. PENDAHULUANGula pasir sampai saat ini termasuk dalam kelompok komoditas komando di Indonesia. Sebagai komoditas komando, pemerintah banyak melakukan intervensi terhadap industri gula yang mempengaruhi berbagai aspek, mulai dari pasokan bahan baku tebu sampai kepada distribusi dan penetapan harga di tingkat konsumen (Kompas, 1995). Berdasarkan Instruksi Presiden (Inpres) No. 9 tahun 1975, telah ditetapkan pola glebagan pada tanaman tebu melalui program Tebu Rakyat Intensifikasi (TRI). Dalam pelaksanaannya, Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) ditunjuk sebagai pelaksana program yang akan menyalurkan kredit dan mengatur pasokan tebu ke pabrik gula yang ada di wilayahnya. Disamping itu pemerintah juga menetapkan Badan Urusan Logistik (BULOG) sebagai satu-satunya lembaga yang mengendalikan stabilisasi harga gula di dalam negeri.Dengan demikian dalam sistem agribisnis gula, kebijaksanaan pemerintah akan selalu mempengaruhi pelaku pasar yang terlibat di dalamnya, yaitu petani tebu, pedagang sarana produksi, pedagang tebu, KUD, pabrik gula, BULOG dan pedagang gula pasir. Banyalcnyapelalcu pasar yang terlibat dalam sistem agribisnis gula, telah menyebabkan pemerintah sangat berhati-hati dalam menetapkan setiap kebijaksanaan, khususnya yang menyangkut deregulasi sektor industri dan perdagangan gula. Selain itu adanya kecenderungan perdagangan bebas dunia menuntut peningkatan efisiensi perekonomian nasional, sehingga produk yang dihasilkan memilik...

The availability of NPK compound fertilizer is expected to help farmers to optimally supply the nutrient needs of corn plants. The aim of the study was to determine the efficient dose of NPK 15-15-6-4 fertilizer and its combination with urea on the growth and yield of corn. The study was conducted in Simbang Village, Simbang District, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi in January - April 2019. The study used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a combination of 7 treatments with four replications, consisting of: (P1) 400 kg NPK 15-15-6-4; (P2) 400 kg NPK 15-15-6-4 + 100 kg urea; (P3) 400 kg NPK 15-15-6-4 + 150 kg urea; (P4) 450 kg NPK 15-15-6-4; (P5) 350 kg NPK 15-15-6-4; (P6) 350 kg NPK 15- 15-6-4+ 150 kg urea; (P7) 150 kg NPK Phonska + 250 kg urea. The results showed that NPK 15-15-6-4 compound fertilizer had a good effect on the growth and yield of corn plants. NPK 15-15-6-4 compound fertilizer at a dose of 450 kg/ha and a dose of 400 kg NPK 15-15-6-4 + 100 kg urea gave the best effect with total yield up to 5.5-5.9 ton/ha.

Prospect for the development of direct seed planting technology (Tabela) in Indonesia. This paper is a review that aims to reveal the development of technological innovations for direct seed rice cultivation (Tabela) and the prospects for its development in Indonesia. Rice is the main source of food, which cannot be substituted with other foodstuffs. The need for rice will continue to increase, along with the rate of increase in population growth every year. Therefore, the main program for agricultural development in periods 2015-2019 is to increase productivity and cropping indexes in all rice agro-ecosystems. The main problems in the current rice cultivation business today are; the need for labor is large, while the availability of labor in the agricultural sector is decreasing, farm labor wages and the price of production facilities are getting more expensive, the area of rice fields is decreasing, the availability of water is increasingly limited. Direct seed cultivation of jajar legowo is one of the solutions for lowland rice farming that can solve the problem of labor shortages in the production process of rice cultivation. Supporting technology in Tabela rice cultivation is quite available including superior varieties, seed technology, biological fertilizers, fertilization, weed control, water management, pest and disease control, and planting tools. Tabela technology has the prospect to be widely developed in Indonesia because it is suitable for irrigated and rain fed rice fields, harvest faster, increases production, is more labor efficient, easy and practical to implement.

Fertilizer is considered to be one of the important factors in increasing shallot production. However, this must be followed by proper fertilization management to meet the nutrient requirements of the plant. This research was conducted with the aim of dertermining the correct dosage of NPK 16:16:16 based on ammonium nitrate in shallot plants. The assessment was carried out in October-December 2018. The research was carried out at one of the centers of shallot development, specificallly in Batu Rampung Hamlet, Tanete Village, Angeraja Sub-District, Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi. A randomized block design (RBD) was used in this research, accompanied by three replications and eight treatments: P1 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 450 kg/ha + Urea 150 kg/ha + ZA 300 kg/ha; P2 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 400 kg/ha + Urea 150 kg/ha + ZA 300 kg/ha; P3 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 350 kg/ha + Urea 150 kg/ha + ZA 300 kg/ha; P4 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 900 kg/ha; P5 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 800 kg/ha; P6 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 700 kg/ha; P7 = Urea 200 kg/ha + ZA 400 kg/ha + KCL 100 kg/ha; P8 = NPK Phonska 645 kg/ha + Urea 645 kg/ha + SP36 645 kg/ha. The results showed that NPK Nitrate Fertilization 16:16:16 at a dose of 700- 900 kg/ha indicated a fairly high growth and production (14.5-16.3 t/ha). The results obtained were not significantly different from the high-dose fertilization used by farmers (17.2 t/ha), and higher than the single dose based on the recommendation (12.8 t/ha).