This study aims to examine the level of employer satisfaction towards industrial training students of the UiTM Pahang Civil Engineering Diploma Program and identify employer satisfaction factors for industrial training students from aspects of knowledge, personality, generic skills, and soft skills. This study is focused on semester four students undergoing industrial training. This study was conducted on 158 respondents from various organizations. Using the important relative index (RII), the level of important factors was ranked through the value of the index. Findings show the highest employer satisfaction is towards the student mastering their knowledge, adhering to the working hours, improving their skills and knowledge, and communicating well with co-workers. Besides, it also shows a good correlation between knowledge and personality among industrial training students. This study found that industrial training students of the Civil Engineering Diploma Program had a good level of control over all four domains. Overall findings showed that employers are satisfied with the industrial training students of the UiTM Pahang Civil Engineering Diploma Program. This study is important to measure the effectiveness of the industrial training syllabus in terms of achieving the program outcomes addressed in the syllabus
The increasing demand of the functional polymers in the global industry has led to extensive development of new polymeric materials with enhanced properties. This work focuses on the effect of addition of lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ) or titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) on the thermal properties (i.e., glass transition temperature [T g ], change in heat capacity [𝚫C P ], crystallinity [X * ], melting temperature [T m ]) and morphology of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscope (POM). The T g and 𝚫C P of PEO at a mass fraction of salt, W S ≤ 0.0196, increase with the addition of salt. Whereas the values of crystallinity and T m of PEO at the same salt fraction decrease slightly with increasing salt fraction, suggesting the presence of an interaction between the salt molecules and PEO matrix. However, at W S ≥ 0.107, the T g , crystallinity, and T m of PEO decrease significantly with the addition of salt, suggesting the phase separation of the binary mixtures of PEO and salt into salt-rich and salt-poor phases are developed. This observation is supported by optical inspections where the salt precipitations can be seen. Meanwhile, the values of T g , 𝚫C P , crystallinity, and T m of PEO show insignificant changes with increasing nanofiller fraction indicating no interaction between PEO and the nanofiller. The two-phase of PEO and nanofiller in the PEO-TiO 2 can be observed clearly from the optical inspection for all PEO-nanofiller compositions. Hence, the addition of LiClO 4 at low content exhibits relatively prominence on the PEO matrix than the TiO 2 . LiClO 4 possesses better molecular interaction with PEO than TiO 2 with PEO.
A new ligand, 25,27-bis (3-(49-biphenyl-4-hydroxy carboxylic acid) propoxy) -26,28-dihydroxy-5,11,17-tetra(tert-butyl) ). Under the adopted conditions, both sorbents exhibited highest selectivity toward Ag + (70% for Cax-SG and 85% CBiPh-SG), followed by Hg 2+ (60% for Cax-SG and 65% CBiPh-SG) while the other metal ions were negligibly extracted (a 20%).
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)–lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) serves as the classical model of polymer–salt systems with good polymer–salt molecular interaction at low salt concentration, whereas titanium dioxide (TiO2) without any surface treatment when added to PEO serves as a classical model of polymer–filler systems with weak polymer–filler molecular interaction. The correlation of molecular interactions of polymer–salt or polymer–filler with thermal properties of the systems, which govern the formation of morphologies of the systems, was attempted in a previous study. Hence, this work focuses on the correlation of morphologies and dielectric relaxation properties of PEO with the addition of LiClO4 or TiO2 investigated using polarized optical microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy over the frequency range from 50 Hz to 1 MHz at 25 °C. The effects of the addition of LiClO4 or TiO2 on the dynamics and relaxations of the polymer chain of PEO are discussed empirically following the fluctuation–dissipation effects from the common electrochemical terms and equivalent circuit model. The PEO–LiClO4 system seems to be one of the promising polymer electrolytes for application in lithium rechargeable batteries where the charged entities may arise from the interaction of salt with the ether oxygen of PEO in the amorphous region. Meanwhile, the PEO–TiO2 system may be analogous to a polar polymer with longitudinal dipoles along the PEO backbone, ethylene oxide monomers (from PEO) of which may represent the molecular dipole or charged entity. The findings show that the transport of charged entities in the PEO systems after the addition of LiClO4 or TiO2 is dominated by short‐range motion at room temperature. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
This study was conducted to compare the ion exchange behaviour of polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline/silica (PANI/silica) composite. Rice husk silica (SiRH) was obtained from the combustion of rice husk ash followed by acid digestion method using sulfuric acid. Next, pristine PANI was synthesized via in situ oxidative polymerisation method using aniline and potassium dichromate in the acidic medium. Composite of PANI/SiRH was prepared with a similar method with the addition of SiRH in the process. Characterisations were done by employing X-Ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Polyaniline and PANI/SiRH composite were mixed with a solution containing Na+, Mg2+, and K+. The concentrations of metal ions before and after contact with PANI and PANI/SiRH were measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The effect of SiRH composition, contact time and pH on the ion exchange behaviour of PANI and PANI/SiRH composite was investigated. Results revealed that higher SiRH content in PANI/SiRH shows better ion-exchange properties with the optimum contact time of 30 minutes. The pH value of the metal ions decreased throughout the experiment.
This study was conducted to study the effect of extracted silica content in polyaniline silica composite towards corrosion protection of mild steel in 2 M hydrochloric acid. The silica was extracted from paddy husk by incineration method at 800ºC for 5 hours in a muffle furnace. The white ash formed was then treated with NaOH to obtain trisilicate, which was then treated further with H2SO4 to obtain silica precipitate on the top of the solution. Polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by in situ polymerizations of aniline, HCl and potassium dichromate. The polyaniline silica composite (PSC) was prepared by adding the extracted silica, weighing 0.2g (PSC 0.2), 0.4g (PSC 0.4) and 0.6 g (PSC 0.6), into the synthesized PANI. The extracted silica, PANI and PSC 0.6, were characterized by FTIR analysis. The presence of extracted silica is supported by the FTIR analysis. The corrosion protection performance of PANI, PSC 0.2, PSC 0.4 and PSC 0.6 was then compared by immersing the bare mild steel, mild steel coated with PANI and mild steel coated with PSC 0.2, PSC 0.4, and PSC 0.6 in 2 M HCl for 24 hours. The weight loss method was used in this study to investigate the corrosion behaviour of the samples. PCS 0.6 revealed the lowest corrosion rate, which was 0.95 g. The corrosion protection of PSC coating increases directly proportional to the silica contents in PSC. The temperature study showed as the temperature increased, the corrosion rate will also be increased. This occurred due to the rise of kinetic energy as a higher temperature was used. PSC 0.6 showed the best protection even at a high temperature compared to other samples. FESEM analysis was also conducted to observe the surface properties of the sample when immersed in HCl solution.
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