El-Koofy N, Mahmoud AM, Fattaouh AM. Nutritional rehabilitation for children with congenital heart disease with left to right shunt. Turk J Pediatr 2017; 59: 442-451. Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are prone to malnutrition. We aimed to assess the nutritional status of infants with CHD and evaluate the role of nutritional counseling. A cohort study included 50 patients with acyanotic CHD causing increased pulmonary blood flow consecutively enrolled from the cardiology clinic in Cairo University Children Hospital. The patients were subjected to clinical evaluation, nutritional assessment with detailed nutritional history, anthropometric measurements and subjective global assessment (SGA) score and complete blood count, serum albumin and total protein assessment. Degree of failure to thrive (FTT) was assessed and nutritional counselling was offered to those patients; followed up for 3 months then re-evaluated. The mean age was (8.6±4.8 months) with male: female ratio 1:1. The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 62%. Fourteen patients had mild FTT and 17 patients had severe FTT [47.1% with mild heart failure (HF) and 47.1% had moderate or severe HF]. All patients with moderate to severe HF had severe FTT and 80% of those with mild HF had severe FTT. Anemia was present in 96% of the patients. Patients with moderate or severe FTT had more severe degree of HF (p < 0.001), more complications (p < 0.001), more frequent hospital admission (p < 0.001) and less optimum breast feeding (p < 0.001). It was found that 76.5% of those with moderate to severe FTT were formula fed (p 0.002) and significantly lower rate of optimum weaning among (p 0.037). There was significant improvement in the anthropometry, the SGA and degree of FTT, level of albumin with decrease in the percent of anemia among the included patients after nutritional rehabilitation. Malnutrition represents serious problem to children with CHD. Nutritional assessment and proper counseling help to improve the nutritional status of those patients.
The p-aminophenol was prepared by reduction of p-nitrophenol over nano-sized nickel catalysts without support and with Egyptian kaolin as support. Hydrazine hydrate was used as hydrogen source in this reaction. Using solutions of nickel nitrate of appropriate concentrations to obtain catalysts with concentrations 2.5, 5 and 10% nickel loaded on Egyptian kaolin. The prepared Ni catalysts were characterised using X-ray and SEM before and after reduction of p-nitrophenol. The results showed that the degree of crystallinity of nano nickel particles was decreased after the reduction with agglomeration of nano nickel particles. The reduction of pnitrophenol was performed with different Ni-concentrations from 2.5-10%. The results showed that the increase of Ni-content led to a decrease of the time taken for complete reduction of pnitrophenol and showed that Ni supported on kaolin was more active than the unsupported Ni catalyst for reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. Introduction. Metallic nanoparticles have been studied intensively within the last decade [Astruc,2007]. This interest originates from the fact that nanomaterials have enhanced catalytic properties. Examples for catalyzed reactions are CC coupling reactions [Balanta et al. ,2011 ; Gude, Narayanan,2011] or hydrogenations,[Berhault,2007;Piccolo,2008] which can be catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles. It was reported that Pd, Pt, Rh, Au, Ru and Ni nanoparticles exhibited higher catalytic activity than conventional supported metal catalysts in hydrogenation and oxidation reactions [
N ICKEL nanoparticles and Ni supported on faujasite-zeolite were prepared by using a solution of nickel nitrate of appropriate concentrations. The catalysts with 2.5, 5 and 10% nickel were reduced with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of alkali and used in reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. The prepared Ni catalysts were characterised by X-ray and SEM before and after conducting the reduction of p-nitrophenol. The results showed that catalysts contain nano nickel were durable in reduction of p-nitro phenol to p-amino phenol. The Ni supported on faujasite-zeolite was more active than the unsupported Ni catalyst.
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