Synthesis, Characterization and Using of Nano - Nickel Metal Loaded on Egyption Kaolin for Reduction of p-Nitrophenol to p-Aminophenol

Abstract

The p-aminophenol was prepared by reduction of p-nitrophenol over nano-sized nickel catalysts without support and with Egyptian kaolin as support. Hydrazine hydrate was used as hydrogen source in this reaction. Using solutions of nickel nitrate of appropriate concentrations to obtain catalysts with concentrations 2.5, 5 and 10% nickel loaded on Egyptian kaolin. The prepared Ni catalysts were characterised using X-ray and SEM before and after reduction of p-nitrophenol. The results showed that the degree of crystallinity of nano nickel particles was decreased after the reduction with agglomeration of nano nickel particles. The reduction of pnitrophenol was performed with different Ni-concentrations from 2.5-10%. The results showed that the increase of Ni-content led to a decrease of the time taken for complete reduction of pnitrophenol and showed that Ni supported on kaolin was more active than the unsupported Ni catalyst for reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. Introduction. Metallic nanoparticles have been studied intensively within the last decade [Astruc,2007]. This interest originates from the fact that nanomaterials have enhanced catalytic properties. Examples for catalyzed reactions are CC coupling reactions [Balanta et al. ,2011 ; Gude, Narayanan,2011] or hydrogenations,[Berhault,2007;Piccolo,2008] which can be catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles. It was reported that Pd, Pt, Rh, Au, Ru and Ni nanoparticles exhibited higher catalytic activity than conventional supported metal catalysts in hydrogenation and oxidation reactions [

Adsorption of Nitrogen from Air to Produce Oxygen

“…Due to the interaction of guest gas molecules' dipole and quadrupole moments with additional frame cations of zeolites, zeolites are utilized for air separation. In a combination with O2, the Li form of LSX zeolite has a substantially better adsorption capacity and selectivity of N2 [11][12]. The feasibility of any packing material used to adsorb N2 to produce pure O2 can be determined by estimating the productivity, which is defined by equation 1 [8]:…”