In order to extract efficient power generation, a wind turbine (WT) system requires an accurate maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. Therefore, a novel robust variable-step perturb-and-observe (RVS-P&O) algorithm was developed for the machine-side converter (MSC). The control strategy was applied on a WT based permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) to overcome the downsides of the currently published P&O MPPT methods. Particularly, two main points were involved. Firstly, a systematic step-size selection on the basis of power and speed measurement normalization was proposed; secondly, to obtain acceptable robustness for high and long wind-speed variations, a new correction to calculate the power variation was carried out. The grid-side converter (GSC) was controlled using a second-order sliding mode controller (SOSMC) with an adaptive-gain super-twisting algorithm (STA) to realize the high-quality seamless setting of power injected into the grid, a satisfactory power factor correction, a high harmonic performance of the AC source, and removal of the chatter effect compared to the traditional first-order sliding mode controller (FOSMC). Simulation results showed the superiority of the suggested RVS-P&O over the competing based P&O techniques. The RVS-P&O offered the WT an efficiency of 99.35%, which was an increase of 3.82% over the variable-step P&O algorithm. Indeed, the settling time was remarkably enhanced; it was 0.00794 s, which was better than for LS-P&O (0.0841 s), SS-P&O (0.1617 s), and VS-P&O (0.2224 s). Therefore, in terms of energy efficiency, as well as transient and steady-state response performances under various operating conditions, the RVS-P&O algorithm could be an accurate candidate for MPP online operation tracking.
In this paper, a new real-time approach for audio recognition of waterbird species in noisy environments, based on a Texas Instruments DSP, i.e. TMS320C6713 is proposed. For noise estimation in noisy water bird's sound, a tonal region detector (TRD) using a sigmoid function is introduced. This method offers flexibility since the slope and the mean of the sigmoid function can be adapted autonomously for a better trade-off between noise overvaluation and undervaluation. Then, the features Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients post processed by Spectral Subtraction (MFCC-SS) were extracted for classification using Support Vector Machine classifier. A development of the Simulink analysis models of classic MFCC and MFCC-SS is described. The audio recognition system is implemented in real time by loading the created models in DSP board, after being converted to target C code using Code Composer Studio. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed TRD-MFCC-SS feature is highly effective and performs satisfactorily compared to conventional MFCC feature, especially in complex environment.
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