Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major clinical challenge globally. It is mainly a consequence of inappropriate prescribing and use of antibiotics. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) ensures that antibiotics are prescribed and used appropriately. This study assessed AMS practice in selected Nigerian hospitals.Methodology: This was a cross sectional survey of 20 Federal, State and Private tertiary hospitals randomly selected from the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Using an adapted WHO tool on AMS, data were collected from each hospital as regard the existence of AMS committee, Accountability and Responsibility, AMS actions, Education and Training, Monitoring and Evaluation, Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) practice, facilities to support AMS, and challenges to AMS implementation. Gaps and challenges to the implementation of the AMS among the hospitals were identified.Results: Only 6 (30%) of the 20 hospitals had AMS committees while 2 (10%) had any evidence of leadership commitment to AMS. All the hospitals had laboratory facilities to support culture and sensitivity testing. There were no regular AMS-related education or training, monitoring, evaluation or reporting activities in the hospitals, except in 7 (25%) that had participated in the global point prevalence survey (Global-PPS) of antimicrobial use and resistance being hosted by the University of Antwerp, Belgium. Challenges impeding AMS activities included lack of human and financial resources, prescribers’ opposition, lack of awareness and absence of AMS committees. Most of the gaps and challenges bordered on seeming lack of knowledge and inadequate communication among prescribers and other stakeholders.Conclusion: There is need for intense education and training activities for prescribers and other stakeholders, including but not limited to hospital administrators. Keywords: Survey, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antimicrobial Resistance; Nigeria   French title: Mise en œuvre de la gestion des antimicrobiens dans les hôpitaux Nigérians: lacunes et défis Contexte: La résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) est un défi clinique majeur à l'échelle mondiale. C'estprincipalement une conséquence d'une prescription et d'une utilisation inappropriées d'antibiotiques. La gestion des antimicrobiens (AMS) garantit que les antibiotiques sont prescrits et utilisés de manière appropriée. Cette étude a évalué la pratique de l'AMS dans certains hôpitaux Nigérians. Méthodologie: Il s'agissait d'une enquête transversale de 20 hôpitaux tertiaires fédéraux, d'État et privéssélectionnés au hasard dans les six zones géopolitiques du Nigéria. À l'aide d'un outil OMS adapté sur l'AMS, des données ont été collectées auprès de chaque hôpital en ce qui concerne l'existence d'un comité AMS, la responsabilité et la responsabilité, les actions AMS, l'éducation et la formation, le suivi et l'évaluation, la  pratique de prévention et de contrôle des infections (IPC), les installations pour soutenir l'AMS. et les défis de la mise en œuvre de l'AMS. Les lacunes et les défis liés à la mise en œuvre de l'AMS parmi les hôpitaux ont été identifiés. Résultats: Seuls 6 (30%) des 20 hôpitaux avaient des comités AMS tandis que 2 (10%) avaient des preuves d'engagement du leadership envers l'AMS. Tous les hôpitaux disposaient d'installations de laboratoire pour soutenir la culture et les tests de sensibilité. Il n'y avait pas d'activités régulières d'éducation ou de formation, de suivi, d'évaluation ou de rapportage liées à la MGS dans les hôpitaux, sauf dans 7 (25%) qui avaient participé à l'enquête mondiale sur la prévalence ponctuelle (Global-PPS) de l'utilisation et de la résistance aux  antimicrobiens organisée par l'Université d'Anvers, Belgique. Les défis entravant les activités de l'AMS  comprenaient le manque de ressources humaines et financières, l'opposition des prescripteurs, le manque de sensibilisation et l'absence de comités AMS. La plupart des lacunes et des défis se limitaient à un manque apparent de connaissances et à une communication inadéquate entre les prescripteurs et les autres intervenants.Conclusion: Des activités d'éducation et de formation intensives sont nécessaires pour les prescripteurs et autres intervenants, y compris, mais sans s'y limiter, les administrateurs d'hôpitaux. Mots clés: enquête, gestion des antimicrobiens, résistance aux antimicrobiens; Nigeria  

Background: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a common syndrome in pediatrics primarily in infants and early childhood. Mechanical ventilation is one of the leading supportive modalities of management in the intensive care unit, but it conveys a lot of threats and complications. This study aimed to assess the impact of nursing guidelines on nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding to prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in neonates through the following: 1) Assessment of nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding to prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in neonates. 2) Designing, implementing and evaluating the impact of nursing guidelines on nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding to prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in neonates.Methods: Research design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized to conduct this study.  Settings: The study was convoyed at Maternity & Gynecological and Children’s Hospitals affiliated to Ain shams University Hospitals from neonatal intensive care units. Sample: A convenient sample method of forty three (43) nurses, and fifty (50) neonates’ infants on mechanical ventilation was included in the study as a single study group. Tools: The questionnaire format, the observation checklist and implementation of nursing guidelines was assessed the nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding to prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in neonates. The implementation of nursing guidelines was premeditated as reference guidelines for nurses.Results: There were statistically significant differences between mean scores of the pre and post test as regards nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding to prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in neonates.Conclusions: Application of the nursing guidelines has a positive outcome on improving nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding to prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in neonates. Recommendations: The current study recommended that directing a written protocol for prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in neonates to support satisfactory knowledge, and competent practices are actually required at neonatal intensive care units.

Objective: This study was to assess the effectiveness of educational program on nurses' knowledge level and their practices about nasogastric tube feeding at neonatal intensive care units. Methods: Settings: The study was conducted at Banha Specialized Pediatric Hospital and Banha University Hospital, from neonatal intensive care units. Research design: A quasi-experimental design. Sample: A convenient sample method of eighty three (83) as a one study group. Tools: The questionnaire format, the observation checklist and construction of educational program which were developed by the researchers to assessment for the knowledge and practice for nurses' related to nasogastric tube feeding. The educational program was designed serves as a referral instructional for nurses. Results: Implied that the educational program was having a positive effect, on enhance nurses' knowledge and practice related to nasogastric tube feeding at neonatal intensive care units. Conclusions: The present study recommended that an administrating a written protocol of nasogastric tube feeding to assure sufficient knowledge, and saved practices are really needed at neonatal intensive care units.

The study was aimed to determine knowledge and practices of preparatory schools' children related to the selected first aid. Otherwise to evaluate influence of training program on knowledge and practices of preparatory school children related to the selected first aid. Design: One study group as served pre/ post-test used a quasi-experimental design. Settings: The study was carried out at preparatory schools at Banha City were selected four schools named May 15, Modern Pioneers, Atyrab New, National Guard, which were selected by systematic random way. Subjects: Multistage random sample was utilized to select four preparatory schools and the recruited children which composed of 160 children. Tools: Two tools for data collection were used; first tool an interview questionnaire sheet which included socio-demographic characteristics for children's knowledge related to the selected first aid. Second tool was consisted of observation checklist to observe practices for children's pre and immediately post training program. Results: The study implied that the training program was having a positive effect; on improving preparatory schools' children knowledge level and practices level related to the selected first aid post the training program was implemented. Recommendations: Periodically training programs for preparatory schools' children as a whole related to the selected first aid for initial treatment of injuries and emergence situations must be done and the educational curriculum the knowledge and practices regarding to first aid could be inserted.

Although there is a significant influence of implementing the electronic health records (EHR) system in Qatar, there are very limited studies reviewed and analyzed the influence of implementing the EHR system on healthcare professionals in Qatar. This research aims to assess, summarize, and analyze the influence of the EHR system in healthcare settings in Qatar. The outcome of assessing the implementation of the EHR system may have advantages and disadvantages, which can impact healthcare professionals in healthcare settings in Qatar. The main objective is to evaluate EHR on healthcare professionals in healthcare. A total number of 210 participants were selected randomly from three private hospitals in Qatar. A validated survey distributed to physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and dietitians who work in these healthcare hospitals in Qatar. The purpose is to identify whether the outcome of using the EHR system improved healthcare professionals’ work after it has shifted from using files and hand-writing paperwork to the EHR system. By applying online survey, results indicate that most healthcare professionals positively perceive the use of the EHR system as a valuable system.