Peutz-Jeghers syndrome PPV positive predictive value RCD refractory coeliac disease RCT randomized controlled trial SBE single-balloon enteroscopy SBFT small-bowel follow-through tTG tissue transglutaminase VCE (small-bowel) video capsule endoscopy Pennazio Marco et al. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment … Endoscopy 2015; 47: 352-376

The first ECCO pathogenesis workshop focused on anti-TNF therapy failures in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The overall objective was to better understand and explore primary non response and loss of response to anti-TNF agents in IBD. The outcome of this workshop is presented into two parts. This first section addresses definitions, frequency and pharmacological aspects of anti-TNF therapy failure, including pharmacokinetics of anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies and immune and non-immune mediated clearance of anti-TNF mAbs. The second section concerns the biological roles of TNF and TNF antagonists, including mechanisms of action of anti-TNF agents, and discuss hypothesis regarding their failures and phenomenon of paradoxical inflammation, including the potential role of TNF independent inflammatory pathways.

This article has an accompanying continuing medical education activity, also eligible for MOC credit, on page e16 (https://www. gastrojournal.org/cme/home). Learning Objective: Upon completion of this CME activity, successful learners will be able to (1) identify key aspects of colonic endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), (2) recognize the limitations of piecemeal resection, (3) explain how ablation of the post-EMR mucosal defect can mitigate those limitations, and (4) evaluate the future implications of these findings.

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The charge-exchange Hartree-Pock random-phase approximation theory is employed in the calculation of isovector spin excitations in nuclei with X~Z. Distributions of strength for all three A~, =0, +1 components of 5= 1, L=0,1,2, J =0,1,2, 1+, 2+, and 3+ excitations are calculated.The results for isotopes of Ni and Zr are also presented.

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