Background: Extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by tissue decellularization processes as a biological scaffold due to its unique properties compared to other scaffolds for migration and implantation of stem cells have been used successfully in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the last years. The objective of this manuscript was to provide an overview of the chemical decellularization methods, evaluation of decellularized ECM and the potential effect of the chemical decellularization agents on the biochemical composition. Methods: We searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. The literature search was done by using the following keywords: "ECM, biologic scaffold, decellularization, chemical methods, tissue engineering." We selected articles have been published from 2000 to 2016, and 15 full texts and 97 abstracts were reviewed. Results: Employing an optimization method to minimize damage to the ECM ultrastructure as for a result of the lack of reduction in mechanical properties and also the preservation of essential proteins such as laminin, fibronectin, Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), growth factor is required. Various methods include chemical, physical and enzymatic technics were studied. However, on each of these methods can have undesirable effects on ECM. Conclusion: It is suggested that instead of the Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) which have high strength degradation, we can use zwitterionic separately or in combination with SDS. Tributyl phosphate (TBP) due to its unique properties can be used in decellularization process.
Objective: According to research conducted in Iran, from 141450 cases of reported cancer between 2003-2006, 1896 cases of oral and lip cancer have been reported. The timely and prompt diagnosis of this disease reduces mortality, increases longevity, reduces damage to adjacent structures, reduces financial costs, and unwanted side effects. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral premalignant lesions in the oral cavity and the factors related to it in Golestan province. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, 1900 Iranian subjects living in Golestan province, regardless of gender, aged 40 and above, participated voluntarily and randomly. Initially, a questionnaire containing demographic information, assessment of habits and risk factors was completed for each patient in an interview form, followed by oral examination on all patients. Statistical analysis of data was done by SPSS 22. Results: The mean age of these individuals was 49.5 ± 10.3 years and the highest premalignant lesions were observed in the age range of 70-80 years. Of the 1900 participants, 69 (3.6%) had pre-malignant lesions. Among the pre-malignant lesions, the prevalence of lichen planus was 49.28%, leukoplakia was 14.49%, and the suspected malignancy was 18.8%. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the use of tobacco with the development of pre-malignant lesions (p <0.01). Cigarette alone showed the highest association with the development of pre-malignant lesions. Conclusions: In this study, there was a significant relationship between risk factors such as age, ethnicity and smoking with the development of premalignant lesions in people. However, risk factors such as alcohol consumption and family history did not show a significant relationship.
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