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Application of cell-based skin substitutes has recently evolved as a novel treatment for hard-to-heal wounds. Here, we focus on the development of a novel skin substitute by seeding human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) on acellular human amniotic membrane (HAM). This construction is probably associated with higher rates of host cell infiltration and implanted cell engraftment. ASCs are achieved by separation of stromal cells from lipoaspirates using collagenase digestion and acellular HAM was obtained by separation of outer membrane of the chorion and removing its epithelial cells.

Various natural and synthetic biomaterials have been applied as skin substitutes for regenerating damaged skin. Here, we describe a straightforward method for fabrication of a tissue-engineered skin substitute by seeding human fetal fibroblasts on acellular human amniotic membrane (HAM). Fetal fibroblasts are achieved from the skin of normal and non-macerated fetus of 11-14 weeks old after spontaneous pregnancy termination. Acellular HAM is obtained by separation of the outer membrane of the chorion and removing its epithelial cells.

EJ, et al. Epidemiology and clinical features of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in nonhospitalized patients.

To discuss the advantages and limitations of hair follicle-derived cell transplantation (FCT) in vitiligo, compared to the epidermal cell transplantation (ECT), and the knowledge gap which is required to be bridged. The papers relevant to the purpose was reviewed. Surgical approaches for treating vitiligo are based on the idea of replenishing lost melanocytes. Skin and hair follicles as the main sources of melanocytes have been applied for this purpose transferring the whole tissue or tissue-derived cell suspension to the vitiligo lesions. Considering the differences between hair follicle and epidermis in terms of the constituting cell populations, phenotype and function of melanocytes, and micro-environmental factors, different response of vitiligo patients to treatment with FCT or ECT would be expected theoretically. However, there is currently a lack of evidence on such a difference. However, ECT appears to be a more feasible, less time-consuming, and more comfortable treatment for both physicians and patients. Although the current evidence has not shown a significant difference between ECT and FCT in terms of efficacy, ECT appears to be more feasible specifically in the treatment of large lesions. However, further randomized controlled clinical trials with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up durations are required to be conducted to draw a definite conclusion on comparing FCT with ECT in terms of the safety, efficacy, durability of the therapeutic effects, and indications in vitiligo patients.