- Construction activity is a complex and dynamic one which requires the involvement of various professionals and specialists that work together to achieve a common goal of required project delivery. Construction process involves conceptualizing, designing, managing, supervising, organizing and coordinating project requirements which include time, money, human, resources, technology and methods. All these must be integrated in the most effective and efficient manner possible to complete and deliver construction projects in accordance to the required performance expected by the client. Unethical practices can take place at every phase of a construction from planning to project execution and to its service life. Such practices need to be identified and mitigated as it can affect delivery and usage of the project. As such the aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of unethical conduct of professionals on construction project with specific objectives of identifying factors responsible for the unethical conduct of professional, to determine the effects of unethical professional practices on construction projects and to determine remedies for curbing unethical professional practices in Nigeria construction industry. A questionnaire survey was conducted within the construction firms considering the professionals. A purposive sampling technique was adopted. A total of fifty-eight (50) questionnaires were used for the analysis. The findings of the study show that political system, personal behavior, inadequate enforcement of building code and regulation and absence of strict contractual laws and other factors are responsible for the unethical conduct of professionals. The study also revealed that high maintenance cost, aesthetic value and high construction cost are the major effect of unethical conduct of professionals on construction project. The findings, reveal that the enforcement on the usage of code of practice is one of the remedies to curbing unethical practice. The study recommends that setting standard for code of ethics to mitigate issues of unethical conduct of professionals on construction project can eradicate or minimize the problems of projects performance in the construction industry.
- Presently researches all over the world is concentrating on alternative materials as partial cement replacement in concrete production. The use of pozzolanic material in concrete is becoming increasingly important because of the need for more sustainable cementing products. Volcanic ash is a form of natural pozzolan and has a chemical composition comparable to other supplementary cementitious materials. In this paper, volcanic ash was used to partially replace cement in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume in concrete and cured in H2SO4 and MgSO4 environment. 28-day target strength was adopted and concrete tested at 7, 14, 28 and 56 days’ hydration period. Specific gravity, bulk density and setting time test on volcanic ash were carried out. Fresh concrete tests such as slump and compacting factor test were carried out along-side hardened concrete tests like compressive strength and split tensile strength. The result shows that the maximum compressive strength at 28 days was at 0% control concrete, while at 56 days the maximum strength was observed at 10% replacement of cement with volcanic ash and it is considered as optimum percentage replacement.
Extrusion snack was made from yellow corn grits and its blends had contained corn grits, barley, chickpea, cumin, black cumin, black pepper and watercress seeds at different levels to give control and six groups (3 blends for each) to give nineteen blends considerable as watercress seeds of ingredient and products were defined as chemical, constituents, physical properties and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the chickpea had contained the highest in protein content and total lipids 40.60 and 19.50%. The black pepper, chickpea and cumin seeds had contained higher in crude fiber (14.20, 10.71 and 10.50, respectively). The extrusion snack blends made from watercress seeds showed that the protein content was the highest in group No., (2) (blend No., 4, 5 and 6) was amounted 14.93, 16.33 and 17.73 %. Total lipids, crude fiber and ash content were decreased gradually in the extrusion snack blends from group (6) 3.00, 3.12 and 3.01% and the highest in total lipids in group No., 2 which contained 4.23,4.86 and 5.71%, respectively. Hunter color values of snacks control and its extruded different blends made from watercress seeds the group no. (6) (blend No., 16, 17 and 18) prepared with 60% corn grits and 15, 10 and 5% barley and also 6% watercress seeds showed that higher in lightness (L value) and yellowness (b value) till 15% chickpea and nearly control snacks. Moreover, the highest water absorption index (WAI) and water soluble index (WSI) were in groups No., (1 and 2) (blends from No., 1 to 6, respectively) made from 40% corn grits and 40, 35, 30 and 25% barley. The sensory properties the results showed that the extrusion blend No., 18 made from 20% chickpea and 5% barley the highest acceptability (93%) and nearly or equal control (96%) followed by 10 and 15% chickpea plus 15 and 10% barley were gave 89.0 and 91.0% during overall acceptability. The resultant from texture analysis profile were ensure the obviously results.
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