Purpose: The pressure on land for agricultural purposes is on the rise and sustainable agriculture remains the panacea for herdsmen attack on arable crop farmers in the study area. The present research empirically measured and identified the factors that influenced efficiency and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of lowland paddy rice farmers in Kwara State of Nigeria. Research Methodology: The study made use of cross-sectional data collected from 200 active farmers during the 2016 cropping season via Multi-stage sampling technique. Instrument used to elicit information from the active farmers was structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The results proved that majority of the farmers were not smart farmers which is responsible for negative TFP in most of the Decision making units (DMUs) as evident from poor robust increase in output index. However, the study inferred that there remained more untapped potentials in paddy rice production in the studied area. Limitations: The scope of the research is limited to lowland rice farmers in Kwara State of Nigeria. Originality/Value: Therefore, it was recommended that Government and non-governmental organisations should formulate supportive policies targeting sustainability of rice production viz. proper allocation of farm resources and also welfare improvement of the resource poor farmers for cultivating rice crops in the studied area.
The present research empirically determined the spatial price linkage of South-Asia exporting sesame seeds markets with the importing market using annual producer's price sourced from FAO database. The analytical techniques used to achieve the stated objective were descriptive and inferential statistics. The empirical findings showed that the selected markets were not autarkic as price information was efficiently transmitted across the geographical far apart markets. Furthermore, the traders effectively responded to price innovation or shock in order to maintain price equilibrium in their respective markets. Evidence showed that hike in lowquality prices would be relatively less reflected in Bangladesh and Pakistan markets. Thus, the study recommended network design for sesame producer's markets across the region at an almost equal distance from each other to enhance integration and better price communication among the exporting and importing economies.
Agriculture is the major source of livelihood and is under the big threat of liberalization and modernization. Organic farming is eco-friendly, promotes sustainable development, protects the fertility of the soil and ensures long term crop income to the farmer. In 2018, total area under organic certification process is 3.56 million hectare and produced around 1.70 million MT of certified organic products. In Kerala, the total area under organic farming stands at 15790.49 hectare. Organic farmers fail to capture the market for selling their products and have less capacity in the competing world, leads to worse financial situation of farmers. The total volume of export during 2017-18 was 4.58 lakh MT. Fair trade has flourished as an initiative for lifting poor organic farmers by providing higher price, credit and improved community life. It is also a market for high value products in the global trade policies. Fair Trade Alliance Kerala (FTAK) is a small farmers’ organisation to access global market on fair trade in an equitable trading terms and improved income. The system provides better price to products compared to open market and benefited fair trade exporting. This paper by studying FTAK focused the impacts of it on income and highlights the increased production of organic crops, better prices, premium and schemes to farmers. The study revealed that fair trade farmers earned higher price (20 to 50 percent) for commodities and marketing of products to foreign countries without intermediaries and organic farming is a better option for increasing farmer’s income in India.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 401-408, September 2019
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