Fair trade has become increasingly recognized and studied since the late 1990s. It purports to be an example of a “fairer” exchange than conventional trade between South producers and North purchasers. Beyond the controversial definition of a “fair trade,” it is important to query stake-holder practices: To what extent do fair trade stakeholders actually practice the principles of justice in exchanges? How do they perceive fairness? Given these questions, the authors of this article analyze both specialized and labeled commodity chains, using the Laotian organization Lao Farmers Product as a case study. Based on documentary and netnographic research, as well as semistructured interviews, the study identifies impediments to the emergence of a consensus on the notion of fairness in exchange. The theories of Kant, Habermas, Walzer, and Elster help to explain why.
Cet article discute des travaux sur l'ethnicité en tant que construit social. Il retrace les évolutions de la recherche sur ce thème en proposant de distinguer deux grandes approches qui traduisent des conceptions épistémologiques et méthodologiques différentes. Ces dernières se distinguent selon qu'elles considèrent l'ethnicité comme une caractéristique ou comme une ressource. Les limites des recherches antérieures et les débats contemporains appellent à renouveler la conception de l'ethnicité dans l'étude du consommateur par une plus grande prise en compte des contextes socioculturels et des interactions sociales. La conclusion questionne la responsabilité des marketeurs comme agents de transformation sociale.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.