A new viable remediation technique based on the use of diatomaceous earth is proposed to improve the ecological system. Its ability to remove atrazine and the four organophosphorus pesticides parathion-methyl, chlorpyriphos, fenamiphos and methidathion from river and waste waters has been proven. A series of experiments including variable conditions, such as temperature, pH, contact time, pesticide concentration and adsorbent quantity, were performed to demonstrate the efficiency of pesticide removal from three different water samples. The batch experiments showed that diatomaceous earth was able to remove 95% of chlorpyriphos, 75% of methidathion and parathion-methyl and 55% of atrazine and fenamiphos from all types of waters tested. The individual adsorption of each pesticide on diatomaceous earth could be described by the Freundlich isotherm and a tentative adsorption mechanism was proposed. The Freundlich coefficient (Kf) and Freundlich constant (1/n) appeared to be closely related to the physicochemical properties (Kow, solubility) of the compounds. The actual results support the conclusion that diatomaceous earth has the potential to serve as an extractant in remediation techniques.
The oxidation of the endocrine disruptor, diethylstilbestrol (DES) in aqueous media by ultrasound is significantly enhanced by Fe(II) catalyst. The observed enhancement is likely the result of increased levels of hydroxyl radicals from the iron-promoted reduction of the hydrogen peroxide produced during ultrasonic irradiation. The degradation is effective over a range of concentrations and is consistent with pseudo first-order kinetics. Relatively high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, $450 mM, are present in solution under our experimental conditions after 1 h of ultrasonic irradiation (665 kHz). The concentration of H 2 O 2 in solution decreased with the addition of Fe(II) along with an increase in the degradation of DES. Hydrogen peroxide alone does not appreciably degrade DES. Our results demonstrate ultrasonicinduced degradation of DES can be accelerated with the addition of Fe(II). The combination of ultrasonic irradiation and Fe(II)-promoted conversion of H 2 O 2 to hydroxyl radical may provide a valuable strategy for the treatment of organic pollutants. #
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