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In situ and homogeneous hydrolysis of urea was utilized to design a homogeneous precipitation method to synthesize the ZnCr2O4 functional material. The as‐prepared nanospinel was systematically studied in terms of crystal structure, morphology, texture, and light absorption. A well‐crystalline single phase of ZnCr2O4 nanospinel with a spongy network structure was obtained. Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction observations confirmed the formation of monocrystalline nanoparticles of ZnCr2O4 with the nanosize of 13 nm. The synthesized nanospinel showed a low direct band gap value of 1.8 eV with appropriate absorption in the visible light region, which was a remarkable result for this route.

Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticle coatings were deposited on the 316L stainless steel substrates by sol‐gel method. The morphology, structure, and corrosion resistance of the coating were analyzed using SEM, AFM, X‐ray diffraction, and electrochemical techniques. The deposition parameters employed to realize the anticorrosion performance including calcinations temperature, polyethylene glycol (PEG) content, pH value, and number of dipping cycles were investigated. Taguchi statistical experiments were carried out to determine the influence of the deposition variables on anticorrosion properties and optimal conditions. The results indicated that a higher anticorrosion performance of TiO2 films could be achieved using 1 g of PEG in a sol with pH in range of 7–9, six cycles of dipping, and calcination temperature at 400°C. The Tafel polarization measurements indicate that icorr value decreases about 200 times and the Rcorr value increases around 57 times compared with uncoated 316L stainless steel.

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MgO – TiB2 nanocomposite was synthesized using mixtures of TiO2, H3BO3 and Mg as raw materials via a mechanochemical process. The phase transformation and structural evaluation were investigated by means of X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and differential thermal analysis techniques. Thermodynamics evaluations indicated the reaction was highly exothermic and should be a mechanically induced self-sustaining reaction. According to X-ray analysis, MgO – TiB2 nanocomposite was formed after 4 h of ball milling. Thermal analysis results revealed that after 3 h milling, the temperature of combustion reaction decreased and all the reactions happened simultaneously. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed the range of particle size was within 100 nm.