The MR imaging appearance of CALME is consistent. Recognition and appreciation of this unique pediatric entity by the radiologist may be essential for appropriate diagnosis and can help to guide therapy. Current preferred treatment approach is conservative.
The promotion of gender equity has emerged as a muchdiscussed topic in radiology. Women now represent the majority of medical school matriculants in the United States [1], but the proportion of women practicing radiology has remained relatively stable at approximately 25% since 2012 [2]. Among radiologists, 30% of women and 10% of men work part-time [3], with women increasing in part-time preference at a slightly greater rate than men. Pediatric radiology, however, is the rare subset of diagnostic radiology in which there is a similar distribution of men and women, based on survey data [4] and a count of members with a public directory entry in the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) online database [5]. In this paper we identify gender-related leadership trends in pediatric radiology while indicating areas of potential improvement. We also discuss strategies to meet the goal of increasing female presence in radiology and radiology leadership.
Bowel diseases of prematurity, including necrotizing enterocolitis, are dreaded ailments of neonates. Early diagnosis is difficult, with clinical and radiographic findings often inconclusive. We present a novel use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in detection of pediatric bowel disease. Early identification of compromised blood flow or an at-risk bowel can be quantitatively detected and monitored. This ability has implications for guidance of emerging therapies, allowing targeting of inflammation. These findings represent an advancement in detection of bowel disease in neonates.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has emerged as a valuable modality for bowel imaging in adults and children. CEUS enables visualization of the perfusion of the bowel wall and of the associated mesentery in healthy and disease states. In addition, CEUS images can be used to make quantitative measurements of contrast kinetics, allowing for objective assessment of bowel wall enhancement. Bowel CEUS is commonly applied to evaluate inflammatory bowel disease and to monitor treatment response. It has also been applied to evaluate necrotizing enterocolitis, intussusception, appendicitis and epiploic appendagitis, although experience with these applications is more limited. In this review article, we present the current experience using CEUS to evaluate the pediatric bowel with emphasis on inflammatory bowel disease, extrapolating the established experience from adult studies. We also discuss emerging applications of CEUS as an adjunct or problem-solving tool for evaluating bowel perfusion.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1007/s00247-020-04868-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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