We take advantage of the self-assembly properties of the coat protein of a spherical virus to form uniform tubular nanostructures. Critical to redirecting assembly are the weak interprotein association energy inherent to virus assembly and the relatively rigid nature of the double-stranded DNA scaffold at their core.

E lectronic cigarettes (hereafter, e-cigarettes), also known as vapes, are battery-powered devices that aerosolize substances including flavors, tetrahydrocannabinol, and/ or nicotine for inhalation. First introduced in the United States around 2007, e-cigarettes have become the most commonly used tobacco product among the U.S. youth since 2014, and e-cigarette use has continued to increase substantially among adolescents in the past few years (1).Beginning in 2012, several case reports emerged raising the possibility of the link between e-cigarette use and lung injury (2-8). As of January 14, 2020, there have been 2668 reported cases with 60 confirmed deaths due to e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) in the U.S. territory, with patients under 18 years of age accounting for 15% of reported hospitalizations due to EVALI (9). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, and the Food and Drug Administration, along with local and state departments and clinicians, have been actively researching the causes and pathophysiology of EVALI (9).Imaging plays a crucial role in the initial detection and evaluation of progression of EVALI. In the adult population, case reports and series have described the clinical and imaging findings of EVALI (1,10-13). To our knowledge, there is currently no published information regarding the chest radiographic and CT findings in pediatric patients with EVALI. This population is particularly vulnerable to e-cigarette use and its potentially life-threatening consequences. The purpose of our study was to evaluate chest radiographic and CT findings of EVALI in the pediatric population. Materials and MethodsInstitutional Review Board Approval This retrospective study of patients' chest radiographs, CT images, and medical records was approved by the investigators' institutional review board. Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of this study.

Non-accidental trauma is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Given the vulnerable state of the child, the radiologist can often provide valuable diagnostic information in the setting of suspected abuse. This review focuses on common findings of abusive trauma and serves as a guide to aid in clinical decision-making for providers of emergency medicine and pediatrics. Amid this discussion is an assessment of modern controversies regarding reported mimicking pathologies, recapitulation of the current state of evidence with respect to radiologic findings of abuse, and examination of the contribution that spine imaging may add to the diagnosis of possible abusive head trauma in the acutely injured child. Recommendations for avoiding pitfalls regarding the dating of intracranial injuries are discussed, and illustrated depictions of perpetrator-induced pathology are provided to aid in the understanding of these injuries. Through the use of the appropriate approach to imaging and evidence-based guidelines regarding radiologic findings, the role of radiology is to provide fundamental clues to diagnose and prevent recurrence of abusive injury in patients who cannot speak for themselves.

High school grades and both the verbal and mathematical scales of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT‐V and SAT‐M, respectively) were examined as predictors of college grade point average in groups divided by race and sex. Results indicated that high school grades were not correlated as highly with college grades for black males as for the other three groups, although there were no significant differences in the correlation of either SAT‐V or SAT‐M with college grades. Moreover, the multiple regression equation for the black male group differed from the equations for the other groups in that SAT‐V is the predictor of primary importance rather than high school grades. Weights derived on a random sample of the student body caused substantial shrinkage of the multiple R only in the black male sample. Both black males and black females were significantly overpredicted by such weights. The importance of separate prediction equations for race‐sex groupings was emphasized.

Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy is a form of cranial neuralgia and rare source of pediatric headache. We present 2 children who presented with headaches accompanied by visual symptoms including eye pain, blurry vision, and diplopia. MRI in both patients demonstrated enhancement of the cisternal segment of the oculomotor nerve in the affected side, correlating with the observed symptoms.

Primary visceral myopathy caused by a pathogenic mutation in the gene encoding the enteric smooth muscle actin gamma 2 ( ACTG2) affects gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and often presents as chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. We present a case of pediatric onset chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction associated with a novel missense ACTG2 mutation c.439G>T/p.G147C. In addition to the known disease manifestations of feeding intolerance and intestinal malrotation, our patient had a late-onset hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and a late-onset choledochal cyst, the former of which has not previously been described in patients with ACTG2-associated visceral myopathy.

The canal of Nuck, caused by the failed closure of the processus vaginalis in the female, is the continued outpouching of parietal peritoneum through the inguinal canal to the labia majora. Disorders of the canal of Nuck include hernia and hydrocele. Some canal of Nuck hernias, especially of the ovary, may result in emergent complications such as incarceration, strangulation, and ovarian torsion. Knowledge of canal of Nuck disorders and prompt diagnosis are important to avoid serious complications. Imaging, especially ultrasound, is essential for timely diagnosis, leading to appropriate management and better patient care.

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