This study aims to examine the impact of internal and external determinants of 37 commercial banks' profitability listed on Bombay stock exchange (BSE), India for a period from 2008 to 2017. Both static models (pooled, fixed and random effects) and generalised method of moments (GMM) are used. The results show that bank size, assets quality, liquidity, assets management, and net interest margin are important internal determinants which affect ROA. Capital adequacy, deposits, operation efficiency, gross domestic product and inflation rate are found to have a negative significant impact on ROA. Further, the results indicate that capital adequacy, bank size, operation efficiency, gross domestic product and inflation rate have a significant negative influence on ROE. However, assets quality and assets management exhibit a positive effect on ROE but liquidity, deposits, net interest margin, and non-interest income have an insignificant impact on ROE.

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In this article, we present a first study on how Covid-19 pandemic can influencefundamental essences and marketing developments. We argue that Covid-19 pandemic offersbusinesses an excellent opportunity to shift to real and honest marketing that can actuallytackle urgent environmental and social challenges globally. We also explore some futurepaths for how the pandemic can affect consumer ethical decision-making. In our marketingdiscussion, we explain how we think that marketing is being carried out and how we expectthis pandemic can change, and not just the marketing climate, but also how companiesimplement their marketing strategies. We further discuss about the digital marketing duringthe pandemic how it can help the consumers. The data was collected from 500 consumers inAmman, Jordan so as to assess their perspective towards digital marketing. It was found outthat consumers during the pandemic were attracted towards offers, anti-crisis deals,personalized digital communication and empathy by the companies

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Innovation is usually linked with technology-based change. Retailers form a significant sector in the developed economies and also are picking up in the developing economies. There have been few studies in the area of innovation in the retail industry in both conceptual as well as empirical points of view. The objective of this study is to study the impact of marketing and technological innovations on the retail industry. The sample of the study was drawn from the customers who live in the city of Aligarh in India. The study is conclusive, descriptive and is based on a single crosssectional research design. Quantitative data was generated on the basis of the research instrument (a questionnaire). The study concluded that technological innovation is more important than marketing innovation with respect to World of Mouth (WOM) referral and satisfaction. Furthermore, the study revealed that technological innovation has an impact on store image, customer value, brand store equity, satisfaction, WOM referral, and WOM activity. The study also recommended that a retailer can take some advantages of introducing new technologies. This means investing in technologies would help in increasing market share and competitiveness of the retail sector in the long-run.

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