Aim: To determine which subtypes of Haemophilus influenzae are most commonly associated with ocular disease, and whether the site of ocular H influenzae infection is correlated with specific subtypes of the organism. Methods: The biotypes and serotypes of ocular H influenzae isolates collected at the Francis I Proctor Foundation between March 1989 and January 2000 were examined. A total of 62 ocular isolates were retrieved from frozen storage and plated on chocolate agar. Biotypes were assigned based upon the ability of the isolates to produce indole, urease, and ornithine decarboxylase. Capsular subtypes a-f were determined by slide agglutination using commercially available subtype specific antisera. Identified biotypes and serotypes were then analysed with regard to site of infection. Results: Patient age ranged from 1 to 92 years with a median age of 45 years. 38 (61%) of the isolates were biotype II, 23 (37%) were biotype III, and one (2%) was biotype VII. All of the isolates were non-encapsulated and thus serologically non-typable. H influenzae biotype II was found in 28 of 48 (58%) conjunctivitis cases, five of eight (63%) keratitis cases, and two of two (100%) endophthalmitis cases. Biotype III was found in 20 of 48 (42%) conjunctivitis cases, two of eight (25%) keratitis cases, and a single case of dacryocystitis. Biotype VII was associated with one of eight (13%) keratitis cases. Conclusion: Most ocular H influenzae isolates appear to be serologically non-typable strains from biotypes II and III, less virulent subtypes that frequently colonise the nasopharynx. In addition, the site of ocular H influenzae infections appears to be largely independent of species subtype.H aemophilus influenzae is responsible for a number of human diseases ranging from chronic respiratory infection to meningitis. Eight biotypes and six serotypes of H influenzae have been identified. Biotyping and serotyping have been used to investigate patterns of colonisation of H influenzae, as well as to identify strains of the bacterium that appear to be associated with more severe infection. Biotype I, serotype b, for instance, is often associated with severe meningitis in children.1 In contrast, non-serotypable strains of H influenzae, particularly biotypes II and III, are frequently commensal to the upper respiratory tract. While colonisation with biotypes II and III usually does not progress to disease, these same biotypes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sinusitis, otitis media, acute and chronic exacerbations of lower respiratory tract infection, and acute and chronic conjunctivitis. 2-4The relation between H influenzae and specific ophthalmological diagnoses has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to define what subtypes of H influenzae are common in ocular disease, and to determine whether there is a correlation between various H influenzae subtypes and the site of ophthalmic H influenzae infection. METHODSThe organisms included in this study were isolated form clinical samples submitted to the microbiol...

The study include the isolation of Campylobacter jejuni (C.jejuni) from children (aging between after birth to two years) with watery or bloody diarrhea in the period ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻭﻱ‬ 91

The ability of three types of transport media (Tris-HCl-EDTA fluid , Normal saline and Reduced transport media) to transfer oral treponema samples was investigated , in addition to the capability of relying five types of nutritional media (New oral spirochetes, Supplumented pleupneumolike organism, Thioglycolate medium, Pepton-yeast extractglucose, and Trypton-yeast extract-glucose-volatile fatty acid-serum medium) and two types of solidified culture media (Thioglycolate-BHI agar and Trypton-yeast extractglucose-volatile fatty acid-serum agar) for the primary isolation and subculturing of these organisms reaching the most necessary supplements required to support the growth of these organisms. The efficacy of the three types of transport media in transport and maintenance of the vaibilty of these organisms was shown, also the efficacy of primary isolation and subculturing media to support the organisms' growth was proved after supplementing these media with the necessary growth elements. Hence it was possible to provide the optimal anaerobic conditions for the growth by the addition of reducing agents (Sodium thioglycolate and L-cystein) to the culture media and incubation in anaerobic jar, furthermore, introducing the necessary elements of long chain fatty acid by the addition of isobutyric acid and serum, and we confirm the ability of three types of serum (Rabbit serum, Fetal calf serum and Fetal bovin serum) to support the culture media. We had showing possibility of depending upon the selection isolation method by the addition the antibiotic rifampicin. Moreover, it was observed two forms of growth of these organisms: the turbidity after two days of inocubation and the sediment form with the shot silk after four days of incubation, and the variation in colonies form on the solid media was also clear.

This study was evaluated the isolation and identification of H.pylori using conventional methods of histological biopsy for 60 patients with different ages from 10-75 years old for both sexes with stomach and duodenal ulcers using urease test and classical culture. The biopsy samples were collected using laparoscopic. The endoscopy for patients was undergone by a specialist doctor and under local anesthesia and it has also been investigating the bacterial antigen in stool samples of patients with questionable caught the infectious ulcers and adopted phenotypic tests and biochemical diagnosis of the germ. The study showed the efficiency of rapid urease test in screening for H.pylori where the efficiency shown in 41 tissue biopsy and were given the best results in the routine culture where isolated 44 isolates of H.pylori from patients under study. When screening for bacterial antigen exit showed positive results for 34 out of 100 stool samples with proportion 34%.

The study aimed to detect P. gingivalis from 49 patients with periodontitis at different ages and both sexes, after determination of pocket depth, types of infection whether chronic or progressive by dentists. Routine culture method was done using selective media and anaerobic condition and compared with species specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. DNA was extracted from samples and its concentration and purity were determined. The results showed domination of chronic infections and the pocket depths ranged between 3-9mm, as well as the results revealed that isolation percent of P.gingivalis by PCR was more higher than culture method, it was 65.3% and 28.5% respectively. The results also showed that phenol-chloroform was the efficient method for DNA extraction comparing with other methods. The study revealed that there are effects of age and sex on isolation rate and the results indicated that percentage of P.gingivalis was detected in 20-30 years old and males were more infected than females.

Testing the sensitivity of periodontal pathogens requires the selection of an easier and more reliable method to be used with such anaerobic bacteria that need a long period of time for growth. Natural materials are a new era of antibacterial agents to control periodontal infections. The aims of the current study were to test the antibacterial activity of two natural agents, namely olibanum and alum, against three types of red complex periodontal pathogens and compare the application of agar diffusion and microdilution methods for testing the susceptibility. Gingival crevicular fluid from pockets with chronic infections was sampled as a source for the three types of bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola (the red complex pathogens). The samples (n= 30) were cultured on three types of media, namely Schaedler Anaerobe Agar, Tannerella forsythia (TF) agar, and Trypton Yeast extract Gelatin Volatile fatty acids and Serum (TYGVS) agar for the three types of red complex pathogens. After anaerobic growth, the isolates of red complex pathogens were identified by cultural and cellular morphological characteristics and confirmed by molecular diagnosis. The antibacterial activity of the two natural materials was tested by agar (disk and well) diffusion and microdilution method (spectrophotometer- and resazurin- based). Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and chlorhexidine (CHX) were used as controls. Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the four reagents (olibanum, alum, CIP, and CHX) were determined on the three types of bacteria. MIC values by each susceptibility method were compared and analyzed statistically at p- value ≤ 0.05. The results showed that resazurin- based microdilution method was the easiest and simplest approach which gave reliable reads. MIC values of the four regents differed from a method to another and from one bacterium to another. Statistically, there were no significant values among these differences, except for olibanum which was statistically more significant than the other reagents.

Due to the unavailability of the drinking water in Mosul city in the period between (2014-2017), people started digging wells in their houses to use it in daily life for consumption and irrigation. Forty well water samples were chosen for this study in living quarters (

In this research, a lab scale wastewater treatment plant was locally designed as a continuous culture of activated sludge and using dual water purification system and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). Biosynthesis of TiO2NPs and characterization were done, then nanofilter was prepared by tightly wrapping the filter with gauze and moistened it with 1% TiO2 NPs solution until saturation, a control filter was also prepared. Wastewater sample was passed through each filter. The results showed that the TiO2 NPs filter was improved their quality as showed the values of  physical, chemical and biological properties of wastewater which included turbidity that decreased from 561 to became 2.9 NTU, the total solid and total suspended solid were decreased from (1820, 1217 mg/l) to (421, 2 mg/l) respectively, the biological and chemical oxygen demands were decreased from (256, 410 mg/l)  to became (50, 41.5 mg/l) respectively. The NO3-1, PO4-3, SO4-2 were reduced from ( 100, 8.2, 78) to (6.8, 0.9, 48) respectively. Additionally heavy metals were successfully removed and total plate count, total coliform, total fecal coliform and total fungi were highly decreased.