Authenticity; natural vanilla flavor; biovanillin; 13 C/ 12 C ratio; 2 H/ 1 H ratio; Isotope ratio mass spectrometry Highlights:-Carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratio characterisation of vanillin ex glucose-Database extension of vanilla pods originating from 16 different countries-Carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratio characterisation of a vanilla hybrid
Black pepper is the most widely used spice in the world. Spices are highly vulnerable to economically motivated adulteration as they are high value products and traded along complex supply chains. The main fraud opportunity is to add cheaper bulking materials. Near and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy has been combined with chemometrics to screen for the substitution of black pepper with papaya seeds, chili and with non-functional black pepper material such as black pepper husk, pinheads and defatted spent materials. A good separation performance between black pepper and adulterated samples could be shown. After running a binary classification model with an external test set an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.98 for both, the NIR and FT-IR model was obtained. This study shows the huge potential for a fast and rapid screening method that can be used to prove the authenticity of black pepper and detect adulterants.
Together with the sweet principle component glycyphyllin A (3), seven phenolic compounds including two new dihydrochalcone rhamnopyranosides, glycyphyllin B (1) and glycyphyllin C (2), and five known flavonoids, catechin (4), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferol-3-O-β-neohesperidoside (7), and 2R,3R-dihydrokaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Smilax glyciphylla for the first time. The structures of these compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods including UV, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR. In vitro antioxidant capacity tests employing FRAP and DPPH assays indicated that 1, 4, and 6 exhibited potent antioxidant activity and are the key phenolics responsible for the antioxidant activity of the leaf extract of S. glyciphylla.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.