Higher education has an important role in contributing to the creation of prosperity and alleviate poverty in society by enhancing the quality of life of the students. Past studies indicate that prosperity can be attained through the sustainability in security and development, in the sense which resources are effectively and efficiently managed for the state and its society. The creation of the state's prosperity includes the development of human capital through the platform of education. However, the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak had disrupted higher education sector. In Malaysia, the Movement Control Order (MCO) or 'Malaysia lockdown' was declared by the authority starting from March 18, 2020, to curb the spread of COVID-19. The COVID-19 outbreak and MCO restriction disrupted the higher education stakeholders to 'normally' continue with their academic activities. The disruption of the academic activities has affected the students' well-being and welfare, especially those from the bottom billion families. The main aim of the study is to obtain a preliminary understanding of the students' experiences on their well-being and welfare during the MCO in times of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The study was conducted during the first phase of the MCO period from 18 to 31 Marchusing multiple Phone Calls interviews. Thirty-three (33) respondents from Bottom40 families participated in the study. The study managed to gather twenty (20) variables clustered in the 'Prosperity Quadrant for Sustainability in Security and Development during the MCO in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic' based on experiences highlighted by the respondents from B40 families. The preliminary findings obtained in the study could provide valuable insights for the decision-makersof HEIs in prioritizing their strategic short, middle and long-term planning in a time of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.
There is continuity and change in Malaysia's foreign policy in the past six decades under the leadership of six Prime Ministers. The 'returns' of Mahathir as the 7 th Prime Minister of Malaysia might probably signal the changes in the contemporary Malaysia's foreign policy in responds to the globalization. One of the important sectors that actively embrace the positivity of globalization is higher education. There are a positive capability of higher education institutions (HEIs) as an instrument of Soft Power to strengthen the bilateral relations between Malaysia and Indonesia. With many unsettled security disputes and issues in between Malaysia and Indonesia, Mahathir and Jokowi might be prioritizing their Soft Power strategy. In the Malaysia context, growing numbers and the reputations of HEIs indicate the possibility that higher education to be integrate into enhancing and shaping the foreign policy. This paper highlights the potential of higher education institutions (HEIs) to be an effective platform to enriching the state's soft power and strengthening the bilateral relations between Malaysia and Indonesia through the internationalization of higher education.
Abstract-This I. INTRODUCTIONThe armed struggle of communist in Malaysia were not ended in 1960 eventhough government positively declared the country was free from communist guerrilla activities after the twelve-years bloody clashes in the First Malayan Emergency (1948Emergency ( -1960. The insurgency which was started as the struggle against the colonial domination was transformed into war against the sovereign state of Malaysia(formerly known as Malaya before September, 1963). This paper seek to demystify the factors that motivate the second wave of communist armed struggle that led to Second Emergency in Malaysia (1968Malaysia ( -1989 Communist Party of Malaya (CPM) in Peninsula Malaysia.The experiences collaborating with Forces 136 and training received by the members of CPM from the 101 Special Training School (101 S.T.S) gave the advantage to them in practising the art of guerilla warfare in countering the British during the First Malayan Emergency. Force 136 was the code-name given to a special underground division and their activities were confined to the Southeast Asia countries occupied by the Japanese, while the objectives for the formation of 101 STS were to unite all races in Malaya and to form a single opposition front to help the British check the advance of Japanese forces, as well as to train them in guerrilla warfare [2] . This group formed their own core of the guerrilla force known as the Malayan Peoples Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA) and continue to receive training and weapon supply from STS in Singapore. 'The most important decision taken at this post-Baling conference concerned the military stance we should adopt from the point onwards. We studied three options. We could lower the intensity of our attacts. We could increase them. Or we could generally maintain the war at its then current level. Each was examined for the impact it would likely have on the CPM's long -term prospects -both military and political' [1].Thus, after the post Baling Talks, the communist took the first option that was to lower the intensity of their movement for a short period of time before they decided to increase their guerrila warfare activities. At this quiet time, the communist shapern their guerrilla strategy, not only in jungle or villages, but also in urban areas. II. METHODOLOGYThe research paper utilizes the content of the text from primary sources, the transcript of clandestine CPM's radio, Suara Revolusi Malaya and from the memoir of SecretaryGeneral of CPM Chin Peng. This is a qualitative method that explain the reason of Communist reactive their armed struggle in Malaysia and their failure to maintain power in the soil of Malaysia. III. SECOND WAVE OF ARMED COMMUNISM IN MALAYSIAThe second wave of armed communists struggle in Malaysia was started in 1968, before CPM return to armed struggle again, there were active with the recruitment of new communist members in order to expand their guerrilla forces. They used the platform of political education and much effort in conducting a heavy programme of lectu...
Internationalization of higher education has become a strategic agenda of the development in Malaysia. In the age of globalization, the higher education sector experiences rapid growth with the increasing number of international students choosing Malaysia as a destination in pursuing their tertiary education. One of the crucial roles for Malaysian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) is to successfully transform Malaysia to be the international hub for higher education. Globalization has changed the landscape of development in the higher education sector. Exploring the expectations, demands and preferences of international students is crucial in crafting the most suitable approach to enhance the internationalization strategy. As a multi-ethnic society with a majority Muslim population, Malaysian HEIs have the advantage to attract more international students through providing a 'Muslim-friendly' Halal ecosystem. A dearth in HEIs internationalization literature discussing on Halal food ecosystem indicates the urgency to discover the potential of Halal ecosystem in accelerating the HEIs internationalization strategy. Hence, this paper seeks to explore the experiences of international students on Halal food ecosystem in Malaysia. A qualitative methodology using phenomenology approach was used to gather the research data from informants studied in public universities in Klang Valley area. The preliminary findings indicated that the Halal food ecosystem has a positive contribution to the HEIs internationalization strategy.
Tun Abdul Razak's counterinsurgency (COIN) through security and development (KESBAN) strategy, in contending the illegal communist activities led by the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), was a successful COIN strategy. In the case of Malaysia, even though the First Malayan Emergency (1948-1960) was declared over in 1960, the communist insurgents were still continuously active in expanding their covert agenda. Thus, their subversive movement gave a significant threat to national security during the Malaysian Second Premiership, of Tun Abdul Razak Bin Hussien Al-Haj. The objective of this paper is to highlight the national security strategy crafted during Tun Abdul Razak's premiership in the 1970s, that contributed to the success of countering communist insurgents. This period of low-intensity conflict between the Government of Malaysia and the CPM, also known as the Second Emergency (1969-1989), was a tough and challenging phase for Malaysia, to ensure its survival as the sovereign state. KESBAN, taken from the Malay words KESELAMATAN and PEMBANGUNAN, or security and development, was originated during Tun Abdul Razak's premiership, albeit KESBAN was formally much later legislated in 1980 by the National Security Council (NSC). The paper discovers Tun Abdul Razak's national security strategy to counter communist insurgents did not solely rely on the usage of hard power; the concentration of his strategy was on internal development, that led to victory on the side of the Malaysian government, to end the illegal guerrilla activities of Communist insurgents, and unite the multiethnic society in Malaysia. KESBAN was an admirable COIN strategy for a small country with a multi-ethnic society.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.