Abstract. Activated carbon from bio-char waste of bio oil pyrolysis of mixed sugarcane bagasse and Rambutan twigs was investigated. Bio-char as by-product of bio-oil pyrolysis has potential to be good adsorbed by activating process. Bio-chars waste was activated in fixed bed reactor inside furnace without presenting oxygen. Gas N2 and CO2 were employed to drive out oxygen from the reactor and as activator, respectively. One of the best activation treatments is achieved by performing activation in different temperature and time to produce standard activated carbon. The experiment was performed at different temperatures and activation time, i.e. 800, 850, and 900 C and 80 and 120 minutes, respectively, to determine the optimal operating condition. Activated carbon was characterized by analysis of moisture content, ash content pH, and methylene blue test. The results showed that optimum activation was at 850C and 80 minute, where activated carbon produced indicated the best adsorption capacity. The ash content and pH had significant role in resulting good activated carbon.
Interest on the extraction of valuable metals from secondary resources has been increasing recently due to the environmental consideration. It includes the spent catalyst from hydrodesulfurization process from the natural gas purification unit in fertilizer industry to reduce sulfur content. With composition of molybdenum as one of the active elements, the spent hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst is indeed interesting to study, in order to be able to recover the molybdenum which is increasing within decades in need and unit price. In this study, recovery as well as extraction kinetics of molybdenum will be observed to calculate design parameters for scaling up process. The raw material used in this work is spent catalyst from PT. Pupuk Kujang Cikampek, Karawang, Indonesia. Leaching process was conducted with particle size -200 mesh, solid ratio of 1:5 and leaching time up to 120 minutes in the atmosphere condition by variated temperature (60, 80, 90°C) and pH (1.5, 2, 2.5) of citric acid. The solid samples before leached were analyzed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), while the leaching filtrate samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The result of the experiment showed the maximum recovery of molybdenum at temperature of 90°C, during 120 minutes, and acid pH 1.5, 2, 2.5 were 71.20%, 34.66%, and 19.29% respectively. The independent variables used in this study showed a significant effect of molybdenum recovery, especially the acids pH. The kinetic model was evaluated by following the Shrinking Core model which considers diffusion is suitable to predict the leaching mechanism of molybdenum using citric acid.
Sabun cair cuci piring dapat digunakan untuk membersihkan berbagai peralatan di rumah mulai dari piring dan noda minyak yang membandel. Bahan utama dalam pembuatan sabun cair cuci piring adalah surfaktan. Selain itu, senyawa gliserin juga digunakan sebagai pelembut dalam sediaan sabun cair cuci piring. Gliserin memiliki harga yang cukup mahal. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak air tanaman lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) sebagai pengganti gliserin dalam pembuatan sabun cair cuci piring. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu pembuatan sabun cair cuci piring menggunakan ekstrak air tanaman lidah buaya. Ekstrak air tanaman lidah buaya berfungsi sebagai humektan (pelembut) alami dalam sediaan sabun cair cuci piring. Prekursor yang digunakan adalah sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), dan ekstrak tanaman Aloe vera L. Metode yang digunakan melalui pendekatan in-situ yaitu dengan mencampurkan prekursor dengan ekstrak air tanaman lidah buaya secara langsung. Hasil uji fitokimia fraksi air ekstrak Aloe vera L. menunjukkan adanya senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, dan saponin. Dalam formulasi ini, saponin berperan sebagai penstabil ketinggian busa dan sebagai humektan. Sabun cair cuci piring berwarna hijau transparan dengan nilai pH 8,7, stabilitas tinggi busa 37% selama 25 hari, nilai viskositas 1940 mPa.s, dan densitas 1,082 g/mL. Selain itu, kadar alkali bebas dan kadar air masing-masing 0,02% dan 41,2%, dengan homogenitas partikel yang baik. Pada hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak Aloe vera L. berpotensi sebagai sumber humektan alami dalam formulasi sabun cair cuci piring.
Indonesia memiliki banyak sumber daya biomassa seperti limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) untuk alternatif bahan bakar. Limbah padat TKKS memiliki kandungan selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin yang berpotensi menghasilkan beberapa produk melalui metode pirolisis. TKKS yang digunakan dari PT. Lambang Jaya, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia. Tujuan studi ini adalah karakterisasi bio-oil yang dihasilkan dari limbah TKKS serta mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi bio-oil. Percobaan dilakukan pada variasi temperatur 300°C, 350°C, dan 400°C, dengan biomassa TKKS berukuran 1 mm dalam reaktor pirolisis. Studi karakteristik fisika-kimia bio-oil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini yaitu yield bio-oil, pH, densitas, viskositas, dan heating rate. Studi Karakteristik pirolisis TKKS yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah yield bio-oil antara 4,32-6,49%, yield asap cair 33,03%-37,44%, yield arang 33,33%-38,35%, dan yield gas 23,53%-26,91%. Hasil pH bio-oil bersifat asam karena memiliki pH antara 3,4-3,8, densitas bio-oil 1,146-1,296 g/ml, viskositas 18,443-20,860 cP serta heating rate 4,6-6,5 °C/menit yang dikategorikan dalam jenis pirolisis lambat karena dioperasikan pada temperatur rendah dan waktu tinggal ≥ 30 menit. Pengaruh temperatur pada yield bio-oil menunjukkan semakin tinggi temperatur proses yield bio-oil yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi. Melalui studi karakteristik yang dilakukan pada pirolisis TKKS produk yang dihasilkan menarik untuk dikembangkan pemanfaatannya dengan memperhatikan parameter proses yang berpengaruh.
This article aimed to do research on the economic empowerment of rural women using Participatory Action Research approach. PAR required performing research to define a problem or implement information as solutions to problems that have been defined. PAR is "research by, with, and for people" as opposed to "research on person." Participatory action research is participatory in the sense that it is a necessary condition that people play a key role and have relevant information about the existing social system (community) under review, and that they participate in the design and implementation of the action plan based on the findings of the research. This research was preceded in the search for problems faced by women in Jatisari Village, Lampung Province. The solutions obtained were in the form of providing knowledge, entrepreneurial skills, and examples of how to produce innovative products by utilizing the natural resources around them. Empowerment activities include three stages, namely: (1) Providing counseling about the possible benefits of natural resources in the environment as products for women’s needs by providing examples of the use of plants that are easy to obtain and grow, for example aloe vera which is easily found in the yard to produce a product; (2) Provide counseling on how to become a woman entrepreneur and analyze household products with high demand for daily needs (eg liquid dish soap); and (3) Demonstrating how to use aloe vera as a component in the manufacture of liquid dish soap.
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