The south-east of Cameroon encompasses a wide variety of geological structures among which we can cite the Congo Craton (CC), the Sanaga Fault (SF), the Yaoundé Domain, the Panafrican belt, the Protozoic series and the Dja complex. The presence of all these structures justifies the great tectonic activity to which this area was subject from the rupture of Pangea to the creation of the different plates that exist today. In this work, we will bring out a high-resolution structural map of the study area by applying the qualitative analysis of the phase filters on 200,900 points of gravimetric data obtained from the combination of the XGM2016 and ETOPO1 models. Then, with these same data, we will bring out another structural map with the maxima method called Multi-Scale Horizontal Derivative of Vertical Derivative (MSHDVD) which will be compared to the first in order to show the limits of the MSHDVD method. To do this, we will first use the extension method to highlight the map of residual anomalies, then a combination of derivative, gradient and phase filters to highlight the geological structures responsible for fracturing in this area.
Since 2018, Cameroon opted for an aggressive mineral exploration in order to attain the status of an emerging country by 2035. Thus, any surface and sub-surface resources found important has to be valorised. This study therefore seeks to contribute towards the drive to an emerging nation initiative through the identification and mapping of exposed rock massifs in the city of Yaounde using Remote sensing techniques. The fieldwork constituted of locating the geographic coordinates of some rock outcrops with the GPS, projecting the samples on the a geo-referenced satellite image using GIS software (ArcGIS) and simulating the spectral behaviour of those spots to those of similar reflectance in order to conclude as the targets. This was then treated in GIS software for proper mapping to be done. The study revealed that Yaounde is actually endowed with enormous exposed rock massifs which can actually be valorised for construction works. Some of the exposed rocks are surrounded by vegetation especially at the outskirts of the city, others are actually engulfed within built-up areas with difficult accessibility while others could only be exposed on excavated areas for construction. Some are already under exploitation while others are not. Some of the rock outcrops were spotted of shallow extensions while others are small in surface areas but project deep down the soil. These results are of importance for use by quarry companies and the government of Cameroon through its Ministry of mines for onward allocation of exploitation permits.
The Cameroon hot line is dominated by magmatic rocks. The variations of magma and chemistry are generally due to the difference of physical conditions and chemistry in the magma source region during the ascent of magma.
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