Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(Supl. were dissected for a systematic study of the arteries. The frequency of the arteries found was: Cerebral carotid artery, intercarotid anastomosis and internal ophthalmic artery (100%). Caudal branch of the cerebral carotid artery to the right (R) vestigial artery (70%) and developed (30%) and to the left (L) developed (70%) and vestigial artery (30%). Ventral tectal mesencephalic artery in (70%) to R and (30%) to L was the direct branch of the cerebral carotid artery to L (70%) and to R (30%) collateral branch of the developed caudal branch. Basilar artery to L in (70%) and to R (30%) formed from the developed caudal branch; rostral ventral cerebellar artery present (86.7%) and absent (13.3%) to R and L. Caudal ventral cerebellar artery to R single (73.3%), double (23.3%) and triple (3.3%); caudal ventral cerebellar artery to L single (73.3%) and double (26.7%). Dorsal spinal artery branch of caudal ventral cerebellar artery to R (80%) and to L (73.3%). The rostral branch of cerebral carotid artery showed as collateral branches the single caudal cerebral artery to R (100%) and to L (96.7%) while in (3.3%) it was double. The middle cerebral artery was single to R and L (100%). Cerebroethmoidal artery to R and L (100%) with its collateral branch to single rostral cerebral artery (90%) to R and (86.7%) to L and double (10%) to R and (13.3%) to L. Ethmoidal artery to R and to L (100%) single. The cerebral arterial circle was rostrally and caudally opened, so that the cerebral blood supply was exclusively made by the carotid system. Ramo caudal da carótida do cérebro à direita (D) vestigial (70%) e desenvolvido (30%) e à esquerda (E) desenvolvido (70%) e vestigial (30%). A A. tectal mesencefálica ventral em (70%) à D e (30%) à E foi ramo direto da A. carótida do cérebro à E (70%) e à D (30%) ramo colateral do ramo caudal desenvolvido. A A. basilar à E em (70%) e à D (30%) formou-se do ramo caudal desenvolvido. A. cerebelar ventral rostral presente (86,7%) e ausente (13,3%) à D e E. A. cerebelar ventral caudal à D única (73,3%), dupla (23,3%) e tripla (3,3%). A. cerebelar ventral caudal à E única (73,3%) e dupla (26,7%). A. espinhal dorsal ramo da A. cerebelar ventral caudal à D (80%) e à E (73,3%). O ramo rostral da A. carótida do cérebro apresentou como ramos colaterais a A. cerebral caudal à D única (100%) e à E (96,7%) já em (3,3%) era dupla; A. cerebral média única à D e E (100%

Thirty Meleagris gallopavo heads with their neck segments were used. Animals were contained and euthanized with the association of mebezonium iodide, embutramide and tetracaine hydrochloride (T 61, Intervet ) by intravenous injection. The arterial system was rinsed with cold saline solution (15°C), with 5000IU heparin and filled with red-colored latex. The samples were fixed in 20% formaldehyde for seven days. The brains were removed with a segment of cervical spinal cord and after, the dura-mater was removed and the arteries dissected. The cerebral carotid arteries, after the intercarotid anastomosis, were projected around the hypophysis, until they reached the tuber cinereum and divided into their terminal branches, the caudal branch and the rostral branch. The rostral branch was projected rostrolateralwards and gave off, in sequence, two collateral branches, the caudal cerebral and the middle cerebral arteries and the terminal branch was as cerebroethmoidal artery. The caudal cerebral artery of one antimere formed the interhemispheric artery, which gave off dorsal hemispheric branches to the convex surface of both antimeres. Its dorsal tectal mesencephalic branch, of only one antimere, originated the dorsal cerebellar artery. In the interior of the cerebral transverse fissure, after the origin of the dorsal tectal mesencephalic artery, the caudal cerebral artery emitted occipital hemispheric branches, pineal branches and medial hemispheric branches, on both antimeres. The caudal cerebral artery's territory comprehended the entire surface of the dorsal hemioptic lobe, the rostral surface of the cerebellum, the diencephalic structures, the caudal pole and the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere and in the convex surface, the sagittal eminence except for its most rostral third. Due to the asymmetry found in the caudal cerebral arteries' ramifications, the models were classified into three types and their respective subtypes.

Frequentemente observado em raças braquicefálicas, a estenose de narinas pode ocasionar importantes alterações secundárias. O fluxo aéreo para o interior da cavidade nasal fica restrito e torna-se necessário um esforço inspiratório maior, causando dispneia leve à intensa. A síndrome braquicefálica refere-se a uma combinação de estenose de narinas, alongamento de palato mole e eversão de sacos laringianos, comumente observadas nestas raças. Estes animais exibem sinais de obstrução de via aérea superior decorrente de anormalidades anatômicas e funcionais. A afecção afeta qualquer sexo e mais comumente em cães que em gatos. Apresentam respiração difícil e ruidosa, intolerância ao exercício, cianose e sono inquieto. O diagnóstico deve ser feito através do exame físico. Deve-se avaliar radiografias torácicas para detectar anormalidades cardíacas ou pulmonares subjacentes. Para aliviar os sinais, exige-se o tratamento cirúrgico das narinas estenosadas. Animais com obstrução respiratória superior constituem riscos anestésicos e pós-operatórios.Descritores: cão, estenose de narina, cirurgia.

O Lycalopex gymnocercus (graxaim-do-campo) é um canídeo silvestre de médio porte que ocorre no cone sul. Tem dieta onívora e habita desde planícies descampadas até matas densas. A artéria celíaca é um dos principais ramos da aorta abdominal e possibilita a irrigação de importantes órgãos, tais como estômago, pâncreas, baço e duodeno. Objetivou-se estudar a topografia da artéria celíaca no L. gymnocercus, com ênfase em características comparativas e aplicadas. Para tal, foram dissecados, mensurados e radiografados 15 cadáveres de L. gymnocercus coletados mortos em rodovias. Foi registrada a posição de origem da artéria celíaca na aorta e sua esqueletopia em relação às vertebras. Também foi mensurada a distância entre as artérias celíaca e mesentérica cranial e verificada a correlação entre esta distância e o comprimento rostro-sacral dos espécimes, bem como a existência de diferenças nesta distância entre os sexos. Em 67% dos casos, a artéria celíaca foi o primeiro ramo visceral da aorta abdominal, emergindo caudalmente ao hiato aórtico. Em 33%, a artéria celíaca originou-se cranialmente ao hiato aórtico, caracterizando uma origem torácica. Apresentou uma distância média da artéria mesentérica cranial de 6,66 ± 1,85 mm, com valores mínimos e máximos de 4,63 e 10,83 mm respectivamente. Sua esqueletopia predominante foi ao nível da segunda vértebra lombar (L2), variando cranialmente até a primeira (L1). Houve correlação positiva moderada (r = 0,52) entre as distâncias das artérias celíaca e mesentérica cranial com o comprimento rostro-sacral dos indivíduos. Não houve diferença na distância entre as artérias quando comparados os sexos. O percentual elevado de indivíduos com origem da artéria celíaca cranialmente ao diafragma e a esqueletopia ao nível da segunda vértebra lombar foram as principais diferenças encontradas em relação aos carnívoros domésticos e pode ter implicação em medicina de animais silvestres.

Morphol., 35(3):925-930, 2017. SUMMARY: This study described the anatomy of the coronary arteries and their main branches in Puma concolor. The hearts of six individuals of Puma concolor, were analyzed. The A. coronaria sinistra formed the ramus interventricularis paraconalis and the ramus circunflexus. A ramus septal was formed close to the origin of the ramus interventricularis paraconalis and yielded from six to eight ventricular branches. The circumflex branch originated from two to five atrial branches and from three to seven ventricular branches. The right coronary artery formed two to six atrial branches, and four to nine ventricular branches. In half of the individuals, an accessory coronary artery was identified as the first branch of the right coronary artery. In all individuals, the subsinusal interventricular branch originated in the right coronary artery. It could be inferred that coronary circulation in Puma concolor is balanced, as each coronary artery yielded an interventricular branch and there was no significant difference in the total number of branches that originated from each coronary artery. These findings are different from the descriptions of most carnivore species, and may aid a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and synapomorphies of carnivore coronary circulation, especially in the Felidae family.

Uma ampla variedade de doenças neoplásicas é vista em espécies de aves de estimação, sendo que freqüentemente se apresentam como massas ou lesões que ocupam espaço, tendo suas aparências variadas e, com isso, devem ser diferenciadas. Neoplasias de origem musculares são raras em espécies de aves domésticas ou de vida livre. Rabdomiossarcomas geralmente se manifestam como nódulos irregulares na região das asas e se apresentam de coloração amarronzada. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar a ocorrência de um rabdomiossarcoma alveolar na região cervical ventral esquerda de um papagaio (Amazona

Mazama gouazoubira is a widely distributed deer in the South American continent. However, studies on its anatomical characteristics are still scarce. The objective of this study was to elucidate the coronary circulation of M. gouazoubira. With this aim, after collecting cadavers on highways, twenty-four hearts injected with latex and preserved in formaldehyde at 10% were dissected. The dissections revealed that all specimens presented left coronary dominance, characterized by the origin of the subsinuous interventricular branch from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. The number of ventricular branches originated from branches of the left coronary artery was approximately five times higher than that of the right coronary artery. The occurrence of myocardial bridges was registered in 91.7% of the individuals, with bridges predominating over the paraconal interventricular branch. The mean length of the paraconal interventricular sulcus was significantly higher in males (p = 0.02). The number of atrial branches and ventricular branches, length of myocardial bridges and length of subsinuous interventricular sulcus did not vary significantly between sex. Left coronary dominance and high frequency of myocardial bridges in M. gouazoubira are preponderant anatomical traits also present in different species of Ruminantia suborder. Coronary dominance studies in other South American deer species may confirm the correlation of this trait with the evolutionary history of these animals.

Criollo horses are widely used in sports. Economic activities involving these animals generate more than 2.5 million dollars every year (ABCCC, 2017). There are several official sports modalities for Criollo horses, but they consist mainly of repetitive high-intensity movements.