Background The Zika outbreak provides pertinent case study for considering the impact of health emergencies on abortion decision-making and/or for positioning abortion in global health security debates. Main body This paper provides a baseline of contemporary debates taking place in the intersection of two key health policy areas, and seeks to understand how health emergency preparedness frameworks and the broader global health security infrastructure is prepared to respond to future crises which implicate sexual and reproductive rights. Our paper suggests there are three key themes that emerge from the literature; 1) the lack of consideration of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in outbreak response 2) structural inequalities permeate the landscape of health emergencies, epitomised by Zika, and 3) the need for rights based approaches to health. Conclusion Global health security planning and response should specifically include programmatic activity for SRH provision during health emergencies.
Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la producción de discursos conservadores sobre homosexualidad en El Salvador que se han emitido al interior del proceso de reforma constitucional para prohibir los matrimonios de personas delmismo sexo. Para este fin se recopilaron 60 posicionamientos públicos registrados en periódicos y medios digitales entre los años 2003 hasta 2017. Como metodología se utilizó el análisis del discurso. Los discursos conservadores son los emitidos por representantes de los grupos de poder al interior del país que son contrarios al reconocimiento de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos como derechos humanos. La producción de discursos se puede temporalizar en dos momentos: 1) Hardcore, reconociendo al silencio-tabú y la injuria pública como dispositivos discursivos culturales para legitimar procesos de discriminación y 2) Light, representado en la homofobia cordial como estrategia discursiva y arma política que acciona categorías como afecto, cariño, tolerancia, caridad y acogimiento para negar y rechazar cualquier tipo de reconocimiento de derechos para personas salvadoreñas lesbianas, gay, bisexuales, personas trans e intersexuales (LGBTI).
The Zika outbreak of 2015-7 is a lens to analyse the positioning of abortion within in global health security. The sequelae of the virus almost exclusively affected newborn children, manifested through Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), and a focus on women at risk of, planning or being pregnant. At the global level, debate considered whether Zika would provide impetus for regulatory change for reproductive rights in Latin America, a region with some of the most restrictive abortion regulation in the world. However, regulatory change for abortion did not occur. We analyse why the Zika health emergency did not lead to any changes in abortion regulation through multi-method analysis of the intersection between Zika, health emergencies and abortion in Brazil, Colombia and El Salvador. These case study countries were purposefully selected; each had Zika infected women (albeit with differing incidence) yet represent diverse regulatory environments for abortion. Our comparative research is multi-method: framework analysis of key informant interviews (n = 49); content analysis of women's enquiries to a medical abortion telemedicine provider; and, policy analysis of (inter)national-level Zika response and abortion policies. We consider this within literature on global health security, and the prioritisation of a particular approach to epidemic control. Within this securitized landscape, despite increased public debate about abortion regulatory change, no meaningful change occurred, due to a dominant epidemiological approach to the Zika health emergency in all three countries and prominent conservative forces in government and within anti-abortion rights movements. Simultaneously, we demonstrate that regulation did not deter all women from seeking such service clandestinely.
Resumen: El presente texto tiene por objetivo analizar 39 producciones universitarias sobre diferentes temáticas de diversidad sexual producidas entre 1988 a 2015, las cuales se organizan en 4 ejes/binomios: Prácticas sexuales/Cuerpos, Matrimonio/Familias, Identidades/Prejuicios y Derechos/Ciudadanías. Al mismo tiempo se proponen nuevas temáticas para investigar y se reflexiona sobre los retos al interior de la educación superior salvadoreña para constituir un campo de Estudios sobre Diversidad Sexual. Concluyendo, a pesar de la existencia dispersa de 39 producciones universitarias, las cuales son un avance, el armario de la academia salvadoreña está aún cerrado, y por tal motivo surge la pregunta ¿cómo lo podemos abrir?
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