Background Prenatal screening of pregnant women for HIV is central to eliminating mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV. While some countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have scaled up their prevention of MTCT programmes, ensuring a near-universal prenatal care HIV testing, and recording a significant reduction in new infection among children, several others have poor outcomes due to inadequate testing. We conducted a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys (DHS) to assess the coverage of HIV testing during pregnancy and also examine the factors associated with uptake. Methods We analysed data of 64,933 women from 16 SSA countries with recent DHS datasets (2015–2018) using Stata version 16. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to examine correlates of prenatal care uptake of HIV testing. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results Progress in scaling up of prenatal care HIV testing was uneven across SSA, with only 6.1% of pregnant women tested in Chad compared to 98.1% in Rwanda. While inequality in access to HIV testing among pregnant women is pervasive in most SSA countries and particularly in West and Central Africa sub-regions, a few countries, including Rwanda, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia have managed to eliminate wealth and rural-urban inequalities in access to prenatal care HIV testing. Conclusion Our findings highlight the between countries and sub-regional disparities in prenatal care uptake of HIV testing in SSA. Even though no country has universal coverage of prenatal care HIV testing, East and Southern African regions have made remarkable progress towards ensuring no pregnant woman is left untested. However, the West and Central Africa regions had low coverage of prenatal care testing, with the rich and well educated having better access to testing, while the poor rarely tested. Addressing the inequitable access and coverage of HIV testing among pregnant women is vital in these sub-regions.

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Clean energy for all, as listed in the United Nation’s SDG7, is a key component for sustainable environmental development. Therefore, it is imperative to uncover the environmental implications of alternative energy technologies. SustainableGAS project simulates different process chains for the substitution of natural gas with renewable energies in the German gas market. The project follows an interdisciplinary approach, taking into account techno-social and environmental variabilities. However, this research highlights the project results from the environmental perspective. So far, a detailed assessment of the environmental costs of alternative gas technologies with a focus on the process of energy transition has remained rare. Although such data constitute key inputs for decision-making, this study helps to bridge a substantial knowledge gap. Competing land-use systems are examined to secure central ecosystem services. To fulfill this obligation, an Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) serves as the modelling tool. InVEST assesses ecosystem services (ES) that are or may be affected by alternative bioenergy technologies. Spatially explicit model results include the water provisioning from the Water Yield Model (WYM), soil erosion and sedimentation described by the Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR), and nutrient fluxes (N) in response to changing land use are obtained through the Nutrient Delivery Ratio (NDR). The detailed model results are finally extrapolated, which provides a comprehensive image of the environmental impacts associated with bioenergy expansion in Germany from our combination of unique Renewable Gas Plants (RGPs). The final result shows that nutrient load will reduce in southern Germany by the year 2050 compared to the reference state, and biomass use reduced by 46% crops.

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&lt;p&gt;The regional energy transition requires a growing share of alternative technologies powered by biomass sources,&lt;br /&gt;for which not all their environmental impacts have been fully understood yet. The UN and the sustainable&lt;br /&gt;development goal (SDG&amp;#8217;s) seven encourage a cleaner, safer and modern energy production for all to uphold&lt;br /&gt;environmental and climatic protection. This case study aims to apply the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) modeling&lt;br /&gt;tool such as the openLCA in assessing wholly (from up to downstream) the environmental, socio-economic and&lt;br /&gt;engineering perspectives of energy transitions.&lt;br /&gt;The Purpose is to analyze the environmental impacts of maize silage production for biogas production in support&lt;br /&gt;of clean and affordable energy. This means, analyzing the supply chain activities from upstream to the downstream&lt;br /&gt;to obtain the impacts on ecosystem and its services. The objectives of this research are to (a) explore different&lt;br /&gt;bioenergy emission and climate change related problems while finding the tradeoffs across various impacts when&lt;br /&gt;maize silage is used as feedstock. (b) To discover current natural gas production technology pathways in Alberta,&lt;br /&gt;the oil exploration province of Canada and compare them with biogas production impacts&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Method applied is the Eco-indicator 99, E, E method, used in analyzing life cycle impact assessment worst-&lt;br /&gt;case scenario of products or services, while comparing the effects with the TRACI &amp; ReCipe methods across board. It provides robust quantitative estimates of GHG emissions, eutrophication, climate impacts, health and land-use impacts of maize silage production for biogas on a regional scale.&lt;br /&gt;From the study&amp;#8217;s scientific findings, relevant information on the interconnectedness of bioenergy environmental&lt;br /&gt;impact is generated, which are also useful/applicable for Canada and globally. The result found that the use of high&lt;br /&gt;nitrogen fertilizer (above 120 kg/h) contributes to high eutrophication potentials and drying of the maize silage&lt;br /&gt;has high climate change potentials which proves that biogas production from maize silage is not completely clean&lt;br /&gt;but can be improved&lt;br /&gt;In conclusion. It concludes that biogas systems can decarbonize regional fossil energy grids, drying of the silage&lt;br /&gt;be carried out in summer with biogas and natural gas mix, and supports the moderate use of farm chemicals to&lt;br /&gt;create a balance between bioenergy development and environmental prosperity. the project is significant because&lt;br /&gt;it comprehensively states the need for reduction of excessive emission of greenhouse&lt;br /&gt;gases, land conversion, and nutrient delivery through biogas production and other energy transition activities that&lt;br /&gt;have the potential to increase global warming, damage water and land resources in Alberta which is scarcely available.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;KEYWORDS: Energy transition, Environmental impacts, Life cycle impact assessment, Openlca Eco indicator&lt;br /&gt;99, biogas production, Sustainable Environmental.&lt;/p&gt;