Abstarct:Iron

Background and Objectives: Prevalence of anemia is a common health problem among the women particularly in developing countries. The purpose of our study is to determine the prevalence of anemia among women in eastern Nepal. The study is planned to find out the prevalence of anemia among the women in eastern Nepal. Material and Methods: Retrospective study was conducted among the women in between group of age 20->70 years during Dec 2015 to Aug.2016. Anemia was classified as per the WHO guideline i.e. Mild, moderate and severe. Results: Out of 877 women included in the study, 512 (58.4%) women were diagnosed anemic. The highest prevalence of anemia 61.5% & 60.6% were found at the age group of 50-59 and 20-29 yrs respectively among the anemic patients. Mean and SD (Std. deviation) of hemoglobin and age was 10.21 ± 1.45 gm/dl and 35.59 ± 14.14 yrs of the anemic populations respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that the anemia still constitutes a health problem among women with the present prevalence 74.2% in Dalit caste in eastern Nepal. Further research is recommended to identify the specific risk factors of anemia in women.

Anaemia is the commonest problem in pregnancy throughout the world and vast majority of this burden oc­curs in developing countries especially in Nepal. The study was aimed for determining the various risk factors of anaemia in group of pregnant women of eastern region located in Nepal. To assess prevalence of anaemia and to identify the association between the demographic variables of pregnant women of eastern region. Thus there is necessity for investigate the prevalence of anaemia for pregnant women. This was a follow-up study design was for the study in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department, Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar conducted from Oct. 2014 to Jan. 2016.A total of 545 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Venous blood was obtained for determination of haemoglobin and questionnaire was designed to collect age of marriage, age of first child birth and socioeconomic status. Women were followed up at delivery. Haemoglobin levels of 10-10.9 g/dl, 7.0-9.9 g/dl and <7 g/dl were considered as mild, moderate severe anaemia respectively. The collected data were analysed using SPSS 2, programme. Chi-square test and p-value was used. A total of 545 pregnant women were included in this study. Their mean age was 25.93±4.60. The overall prevalence of anae­mia was 40.7% (N=222). The mild, moderate and severe anaemia were at rates of 55.0% (N=122),39.2% (N=87) and 5.9% (N=13) respectively. Women aged 20-24 years were found more anemic with prevalence by severity of 42.8% (N=95). The mean age of marriage and first child birth were 21.92±3.02 and 23.47±2.96 respectively. Majority of pregnant women were at high school level with nuclear family and monthly income NRs<5000 were 35.0% (N=191). Anaemia is significant risk factor for maternal mortality in Nepal. Prevalence of anaemia dur­ing pregnancy was 40.7% and this rate is higher to those indicated in others developing countries. In our study population Women with pregnancy had a higher risk of anaemia at the age group 20-24 years by severity of 42.8%. The study revealed that anaemia present at considerable levels in eastern Nepal.

Haemoglobin levels were used to estimate the incidence of anaemia in children 2-12 years old in the population of Biratnagar, Morang Dist., Nepal. who were attending Nobel Medical College & teaching hospital. Out of 5063 subjects, 634 children’s were selectively diagnosed as anaemia. Among the 2406 children’s aged 2-6 years 5.4% were diagnosed with mild anaemia,2.7% moderate anaemia and 1.7% severe anaemia (WHO definition) of 2657 children’s aged 7-12 years,10.2% were diagnosed with mild anaemia, 3.1% moderate anaemia and 1.3% severe anaemia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v1i2.7297 Journal of Nobel Medical College (2012), Vol.1 No.2 p.36-38

Serum vitamin D is one of the fat-soluble vitamin which has the role in maintenance of calcium and phosphorus levels  and ultimately proper bone health and various physiological processes.  Although many studies prevail hypovitaminosis D, we focused to find out the pattern of  elevated or decreased  serum vitamin D level as its deficiency and surplus have adverse effects to our health.. For this, a retrospective study was done from the records present in a hospital laboratory of Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute (DMCRI), Rupandehi, Nepal from January 2018 to December 2020 where 201 participants with 70.1% male and 29.9% female with different age groups were present. From total participants, 14.9% had deficient, 42.8% had insufficient, 35.3% had sufficient and 7%  had high level of serum vitamin D. Male had 2.9% deficient and 14,9% insufficient vitamin D whereas female had 11.9% deficient, 27.8% insufficient and 7.0% surplus vitamin D. The greater prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in the females than the males could be overcome by the necessary strategies in the form of further studies and judicious supplementation vitamin D in the target population by monitoring the level of serum vitamin D. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(4): 256-260.