A total of 100 random samples of meat products represented by luncheon, frozen minced meat, kofta, and sausage (25 of each) were collected from different supermarket's shops in Tanta city These products subjected to bacteriological examination as Aerobic Plate Count (APC), Coliform Count, Staph. aureus count and isolation and identification of Salmonellae and E-Coli. The result revealed that minced meat showed relatively higher mean values of Aerobic Plate Count as well as Coliform Count (6.07± 0.1) log CFU/g and (3.1±.1) log CFU/g, respectively than the other products. While, it was the lowest one in Staph aureus count (2.2 ± .07) log CFU/g. Regarding to Salmonellae and E-Coli could be detected in 40% & 32% &12% & 28% & 16% & 24% of minced meat, kofta and sausage, respectively On the other hand, luncheon samples were free from Salmonella and E-coli.

A total of 180 Oreochromis niloticus and 120 Clarias gariepenus of different weight and length were randomly collected from three different markets (El-Moneib, El-Ayiat and El-Badrashin) in Giza Governorate from January to June 2012. Muscles and organs of the fishes were examined for infective zoonotic parasites. The total prevalence of encysted metacercariae (EMC) among examined O. niloticus was 82.8%, the highest prevalence was in the tail (75%), while the lowest one (17%) in skin, and in the gills was (57.2%). Total prevalence of EMC was 35.8% in the C. gariepenus, the highest was in trunk (27.5%), then head & tail (25.8% &25%) and the lowest one (4.1%) was in the skin but none in the gills. There was an indirect relationship between the EMC prevalence and the fishes weight and length. The recovered EMC from O. niloticus were; Diplostomatidae, Cyathocotylide and Heterophyidae. Besides, Cyanodiplostomatidae and Cyathocotylide were recovered from C. gariepenus. These EMC were successfully developed to adults after experimental infection to pigeons and rats. The emerging adult flukes were Prohemistomum vivax, Mesostephanus appendiculatus and Centrocetus armatus.

Frozen fish exposed to many risks of contamination during long chain of catching, transportation, dressing and freezing from different sources till they reach to consumers which make it harmful or unfit for human consumption.A total of 150 random samples of frozen fish of Mackerel, Saurus, Mugil Cephalus, Horse Mackerel and Sardine (30 of each) were collected from different fish markets at Kaliobia Governorate for determination of Psychrotrophic, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas count in frozen fish samples. The mean value of Psychrotrophic , Pseudomonas and Aeromonas count (cfu/g) were 5.11x10 5 ±2.4x10 5 , 9.

In this study, the antioxidant and antibacterial effect of Marjoram and Cumin oils (0.2%&0.3%Vol/W) of each and Mixture from both oils (0.2% Vol/W) were investigated in refrigerated fresh minced meat. Both oils used had considerable effectiveness in decreasing Aerobic Plate Count (APC), Coliform Count and Staphylococci Count as well as chemical indices as pH, Total Volatile Nitrogen (TVN) and Thio Barbituric Acid (TBA) values. Meanwhile, these values decrease as the concentration of the oil increases with highly significant differences (P<0.05) between these different oils. Marjoram oil (0.3% Vol/W) gives the best effectiveness with a significant advantage in extend shelf life of refrigerated minced meat to 7 days compared to control group 4 days. Consequently, essential oils can play an important role as antimicrobial agent in refrigerated minced meat and potentially it might be used as a natural preservative ingredient for longer periods without the need to use hazardous preservatives in food industry, but Marjoram oil is the best one.

A total of 100 random samples were collected from surfaces of cattle carcasses in EL-Shouhada and Birket El-Sabaa Abattoirs in Menofyia governorate (50 of each).The results showed that the mean E. coli counts were 5.44×10 2 and 7.99×10 2 cfu/cm 2 in EL-Shouhada and Birket EL-Sabaa abattoirs, respectively. Also, the incidence of E .coli isolated from cattle carcass surfaces in EL-Shouhada and Birket El-Sabaa abattoirs were 26% and 28%, respectively. The isolated serotypes of E. coli were EHEC as O111 : H2 (8%) and O26 : H11 (2%), EPEC as O15 : H4 (2%), O55 : H7 (2%), O114 : H4 (4%) and O146 : H21(2%), ETEC as O128 : H2 (2%) and O125: H21 (2%) and EIEC as O124 (2%) in EL-Shouhada abattoirs, while in Birket EL-Sabaa abattoir were EHEC as O111 : H2 (6%) , O26 : H11 (8%) and O103 : H4 (2%), EPEC as O55 : H7 (2%) and O91 : H21(2%) ETEC as O128: H2 (6%) and EIEC as O124 (2%). Findings of multiplex PCR showed that eaeA (intimin) gene was detected in (O91:H21 and O114:H4), hlyA (haemolysin) gene was detected in (O125:H21), stx1 gene was not detected in the all isolated E. coli serogroups, but stx2 gene was detected in (O26:H11 and O114:H4).