Objective: Rosmarinus officinalis L. is an aromatic perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves, and it is member species of Lamiaceae family raised from Mediterranean region. The aims of the study were isolation, quantification, and identification of rosmarinic acid of R. officinalis leaves and essential oil analysis using various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, and also cytotoxic and antibacterial investigation against different species of bacteria.
Methods:It was isolated by preparative HPLC and preparative TLC, and then it was determined by HPTLC. The identification and the structural elucidation of isolated rosmarinic acid were performed by H-nuclear magnetic resonance, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS), infrared, and ultraviolet. Essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass.
Results:Results highlighted that rosmarinic acid content was 0.9% and the oil content was 1.8%, and R. officinalis chemotypes of Iraqi rosemary oil were camphor 23.04%, 1, 8-cineole 14.01%, and terpinen-4-ol 13.8%. The rosemary chemotype characterized as a high concentration of terpinen-4-ol and good inhibition effect of rosemary methanolic extract against different species bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Proteus mirabilis.
Conclusions:The plant has a good content of rosemary phytochemicals and antibacterial effect, so the plantation of rosemary in Iraq has been successes. These isolated compounds are a suitable candidate for further clinical and pharmacological study.
Objective: Plantago lanceoleta L. (ribwort plantain) is one of the important medicinal herbs which is widespread fortune available in Iraq, that have a wide range of medicinal properties. The aim of this work was to determine, isolate and identify verbascoside and aucubin in Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. by using different chromatographic and spectrometric methods.
Methods: Verbascoside and aucubin were isolated and quantified by preparative TLC, and then they were determined by the high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. Aucubin and catalpol in the plant extract were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS); aucubin and verbascoside that isolated from the plant sample were examined by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and LC-MS, respectively.
Results: The result showed that the Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. contains 1.74 percent (verbascoside) and 0.24 percent (aucubin) of dry powdered leaves. Each TLC-isolated compound showed a single spot on the HPTLC plate, which give an idea about the purity of the isolated compound. Aucubin (with catalpol) and verbascoside both are detected by LC-MS in different ionization mode. Many functional groups were identified in the TLC-isolated aucubin by FT-IR.
Conclusion: The Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. showed a high content of verbasoside, and it is a very rich source for this compound, which can be easily isolated by TLC and subjected to many pharmacological studies. The extract of the young leaves of this plant gave a little amount of aucubin, and it is easy to obtain a higher content from the older leaves.
Rosmarinus officinalis is one of the important bioactive medicinal plants belongs to labiatae family. The aim is to identifying the essential oil and rosmarinic acid extracted from rosemary leaves and to evaluate its anti bacterial activity. Gas Chromatography-Mass analysis was performed for essential oil of rosemary and HPTLC analysis was done for 90% methanolic extract of rosemary leaves. Rosmarinic acid was detected and The essential oil content was 1.5% and characterized with high amount of 1,8 cineol (53.63%) . The zone of inhibition of some bacteria was estimated. Our findings showed that rosemary leaves has Good percentage of rosemary phytochemicals (essential oil and rosmarinic acid) and has significant antibacterial activity against different species of bacteria.
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