A força de preensão manual (FPM) associa-se com a funcionalidade de idosos, mas há dúvidas sobre o valor dessa relação em todas as situações. O estudo observou a correlação entre FPM de idosos residentes em instituições de cuidados permanentes (asilos) e o desempenho funcional (DF) em tarefas específicas e inespecíficas para as mãos. Participaram 12 homens (70±6 anos; 64±9 kg; 160±10 cm) e sete mulheres (77±11 anos; 49±10 kg; 147±10 cm). A FPM foi medida com dinamômetro hidráulico. As tarefas motoras propostas foram: caminhar 10 m na velocidade máxima (C10), timed up & go test (TUGT), colocar e retirar chave de fechadura (TCCF) e tirar e recolocar lâmpada em um bocal (TCLB). O teste de Wilcoxon revelou que os homens apresentaram melhores desempenhos que as mulheres em todos as medidas, exceto IMC, TCCF e TCLB (p<0,05). Os coeficientes de Spearman revelaram que três testes apresentaram correlações significativas com a FPM: TRLB (ρ = -0,54; p = 0,018); TUGT (ρ = -0,67; p = 0,002) e C10 (ρ = -0,69; p = 0,001). A correlação múltipla entre a FPM e o conjunto dos testes revelou-se igualmente significativa (R-múltiplo = 0,66; p<0,04). Conclui-se que a FPM pode ser uma boa preditora do desempenho em tarefas motoras em idosos frágeis, investindo-se de potencial para apreciação da funcionalidade como um todo, enquanto variável de exposição epidemiológica.Palavras-chave: envelhecimento, saúde, autonomia, aptidão física, força muscular. ABSTRACTHand-grip strength (HGS) has been used to predict functional limitation in the elderly. However, this relationship in all situations is doubtful. The purpose of the study was to observe the association between HGS and functional performance (FP), in specific and not specific tasks among 19 long-term home elderly residents, 12 men (70±6 yrs; 64±9 kg; 160±10 cm) and 7 women (77±11 yrs; 49±10 kg; 147±10 cm). HGS was measured by a hydraulic hand dynamometer. The FP was measured by the time to perform the following tasks: 1) habitual gait speed (HGS); 2) timed up & go test (TUGT); 3) opening a lock with a key (OLK); 4) to take off and put in a light bulb (TPB). The Wilcoxon test revealed that men were better than women in all measurements except for the IMC, OLK and TPL (p<0.05). The Spearman coefficients showed significant correlation between HGS and three FP tests: TPL (ρ=-.54; p=.018); TUGT (ρ=-.67; p=.002) and HGS (ρ=-.69; p=.001). The multiple correlation showed good correlation between the HGS and all FP tests (R=.66; R²=.44; p<.04). These results suggest that HGS may be a good predictor for FP, especially for fragile and institutionalized elderly subjects, having a good potential as an epidemiologic exposition variable to forecast functional performance. Keywords INTRODUÇãODe forma geral, os idosos que apresentam força de preensão manual (FPM) reduzida são sedentários, possuem déficits de massa corporal, apresentam problemas de saúde e limitações funcionais em atividades que exigem a participação dos membros superiores e inferiores (1) . Isso explica em parte, o fato de, a despeit...

Training frequency is an important resistance training variable, but its relative contribution to strength and functional performance (FP) gains in senior populations is not yet well defined. The present study investigated the effect of different resistance training frequencies on the strength and FP in active women aged 60 years and older. A total of 48 women (60-78 years) underwent a 16-week training program for 1 set of 10 repetition maximums (10RMs) of each exercise, being assigned in groups that performed training frequencies of 1, 2, or 3 days per week (EG1, EG2, and EG3) and a control group. Strength and FP tests were applied before and after the training protocol. All EGs, but not the control group, exhibited 10RM increases (bench press, seated dumbbell curl, knee extension, standing calf raise, p < 0.01). The 10RM increase for seated dumbbell curl and knee extension was always greater in the higher frequencies (p < 0.05). Timed up and go test improved equally in all EGs (p < 0.01). Chair sit-and-stand improvements in EG3 (-15.7%) and EG2 (-9.8%) were greater than in EG1 (-4.6%) (p < 0.01). Gait-speed improvement in EG3 (-11.6%) was greater than in EG2 (-5.1%) and EG1 (-3.9%) (p < 0.01). In conclusion, a higher weekly training frequency increased FP and strength to a greater extent than lower frequencies in active senior women.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the cross validity of two anthropometric equations commonly used and propose simple anthropometric equations to estimate appendicular muscle mass (AMM) in elderly women.MethodsAmong 234 physically active and functionally independent elderly women, 101 (60 to 89 years) were selected through simple drawing to compose the study sample. The paired t test and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to perform cross-validation and concordance was verified by intraclass correction coefficient (ICC) and by the Bland and Altman technique. To propose predictive models, multiple linear regression analysis, anthropometric measures of body mass (BM), height, girth, skinfolds, body mass index (BMI) were used, and muscle perimeters were included in the analysis as independent variables. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (AMMDXA) was used as criterion measurement. The sample power calculations were carried out by Post Hoc Compute Achieved Power. Sample power values from 0.88 to 0.91 were observed.ResultsWhen compared, the two equations tested differed significantly from the AMMDXA (p <0.001 and p = 0.001). Ten population / specific anthropometric equations were developed to estimate AMM, among them, three equations achieved all validation criteria used: AMM (E2) = 4.150 +0.251 [bodymass (BM)] - 0.411 [bodymass index (BMI)] + 0.011 [Right forearm perimeter (PANTd) 2]; AMM (E3) = 4.087 + 0.255 (BM) - 0.371 (BMI) + 0.011 (PANTd) 2 - 0.035 [thigh skinfold (DCCO)]; MMA (E6) = 2.855 + 0.298 (BM) + 0.019 (Age) - 0,082 [hip circumference (PQUAD)] + 0.400 (PANTd) - 0.332 (BMI). The equations estimated the criterion method (p = 0.056 p = 0.158), and explained from 0.69% to 0.74% of variations observed in AMMDXA with low standard errors of the estimate (1.36 to 1.55 kg) and high concordance (ICC between 0,90 and 0.91 and concordance limits from -2,93 to 2,33 kg).ConclusionThe equations tested were not valid for use in physically active and functionally independent elderly women. The simple anthropometric equations developed in this study showed good practical applicability and high validity to estimate AMM in elderly women.

Bastos-Silva, VJ, Prestes, J, and Geraldes, AAR. Effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on training load volume in resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1654–1658, 2019—The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse on training load volume (TLV—number of repetitions × load lifted [kg]) on 2 resistance exercises: leg press (LP) and bench press (BP). Twelve recreational resistance trained males were recruited. Subjects were assessed for 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and muscular endurance (ME) in LP and BP. Muscular endurance was determined by the maximum number of repetitions performed to volitional fatigue, with a load equal to 80% of 1RM. Exercises were performed on separate days (72 hours apart) under 3 experimental conditions: control (CONT), CHO (25 ml with 6.4% of maltodextrin), and placebo (juice without CHO [PLA]). Carbohydrate and PLA were used immediately before each exercise. There was no significant difference between conditions for the number of repetitions (CHO = 13.5 ± 4.8; PLA = 11.5 ± 4.4; CONT = 12.4 ± 4.4, p = 0.68) nor TLV (CHO = 2006.7 ± 825.2 kg; PLA = 1712.5 ± 772.9 kg; CONT = 1817.1 ± 672.6 kg, p = 0.99) in LP. However, CHO increased both repetitions (CHO = 8.2 ± 1.6; PLA = 7.1 ± 2.4; CONT = 6.8 ± 1.8, p = 0.002) and TLV (CHO = 557.1 ± 155.4 kg; PLA = 495.9 ± 206.1 kg; CONT = 476.1 ± 175.3 kg, p = 0.035) compared with CON in BP. Thus, a CHO mouth rinse increases BP performance in trained men, suggesting an interesting strategy to be used by experienced resistance training practitioners.

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The prevalence of hypertension in childhood is increasing, and investigation of its distribution is important for planning timely interventions. This study assessed the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) and associated factors in students between 9 and 11 years of age enrolled in public and private schools in Maceió, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed in a probabilistic sample of students (10.3 ± 0.5 years). The students were selected from a systematic sampling of 80 schools (40 public and 40 private). To maintain similar proportions of students existing in public and private schools in Maceió, 21 and 14 students were randomly selected from each public and private school, respectively. The prevalence ratio (PR) was estimated using Poisson regression. A total of 1,338 students were evaluated (800 from public schools and 538 from private schools). No differences were observed between school types in terms of student age and gender (p > 0.05). The prevalence of obesity (19.9% vs. 9.0%; PR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.67–2.92) and hypertension (21.2% vs. 11.4%; PR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.45–2.40) were higher in private schools. The association between high blood pressure and type of school (public or private) remained statistically significant even after adjustment for obesity (PR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.19–1.97). In conclusion: (a) students from private schools have higher socioeconomic status, BMI, and HBP prevalence compared to those of public school; (b) among the evaluated students, the prevalence of obesity only partially explained the higher prevalence of high blood pressure among students from private schools. Other factors related to lifestyle of children from private schools may explain the higher prevalence of HBP. This results show the need to implement measures to promote healthy lifestyles in the school environment, since children with HBP are more likely to become hypertensive adults. Therefore, early detection and intervention in children with HBP is an important action for the prevention of hypertension in adulthood.

ObjetivoComparar a ingestão de cálcio e a densidade mineral óssea entre mulheres adultas portadoras de intolerância à lactose e suas congêneres não portadoras da doença. MétodosA amostra foi composta por 60 mulheres jovens adultas (de 20 a 40 anos), separadas em dois grupos: 30 diagnosticadas com intolerância à lactose e 30 saudáveis. A ingestão de cálcio foi avaliada por três autorregistros alimentares, e a densidade mineral óssea do colo do fêmur por absortometria radiológica de dupla energia. ResultadosAs densidades minerais ósseas do colo do fêmur (M=0,86, DP=0,13g/cm² versus M=0,77, DP=0,12g/cm²) e do fêmur total (M=1,14, DP=0,14g/cm² versus M=1,06, DP=0,12g/cm²) foram menores (p<0,05) para as portadoras de intolerância à lactose do que para o grupo-controle, mas não houve diferença significativa na densidade mineral óssea para corpo inteiro (M=1,14, DP=0,15g/cm² versus M=1,08, DP=0,09g/cm², p>0,05). Além disso, a ingestão de cálcio foi menor para intolerantes à lactose do que para o grupo-controle (M=250,5, DP=111,7mg/dia -1 vs M=659,7, DP=316,1mg/dia -1 , p<0,05). ConclusãoOs resultados do presente estudo sugerem que o aparecimento de sintomas de intolerância pode influenciar a massa óssea devido a uma redução da ingestão de cálcio. Termos de indexação:Lactose. Leite. Osso. Sindrome de malabsorção.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a validade cruzada da equação de Deurenberg et al. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal descritivo, no qual 25 mulheres (59,04±7,2anos) foram selecionadas aleatoriamente de uma população de 186 mulheres com idade a partir de 50 anos, envolvidas em programas de atividade física de lazer em Maceió-AL. O método de referência utilizado foi a absortometria radiológica de dupla energia (DXA). O percentual de gordura corporal foi estimado pela equação de Deurenberg et al., que utiliza como variáveis independentes: índice de massa corporal, idade e sexo. O teste t foi utilizado para comparar as médias; o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) para determinar a correlação e gráficos de Bland & Altman para avaliar a concordância. RESULTADOS: Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada entre os dois métodos (p=0,358), além de um elevado CCI (0,84;p<0,05). O erro constante indicou que o percentual de gordura encontrado pela equação subestima ligeiramente (1,1%) o valor obtido pela DXA. Um erro padrão da estimativa de 6,1% foi observado e a distribuição dos resíduos individuais dos gráficos de Bland & Altman mostrou limites de concordância (95%), variando entre 12,88 e -10,67%. CONCLUSÃO: A equação proposta por Deurenberg et al. é válida para estimar o percentual de gordura em mulheres com características semelhantes à amostra do presente estudo.