Introdução: Identificar correlação entre indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde com o avanço da epidemia de COVID nas capitais brasileiras. Métodos: Estudo ecológico com dados de casos confirmados, de março a junho, Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM), Produto Interno Bruto per capita, percentual de domicílios subnormais e Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil (TMI). Caracterizou-se o avanço da epidemia pelo crescimento de casos no período, e, sua correlação com variáveis socioeconômicas e de saúde, pela matriz de correlação de Pearson. Resultados:Ocorrência crescente do aumento de casos em todas as capitais. O aumento em março foi maior nas capitais do Sudeste e, nos outros meses nas do Norte. A taxa de mortalidade até maio era maior em capitais do Sudeste, e em junho semelhante no Norte e Sudeste. Verificou-se, para cada período analisado, maior crescimento de casos nas capitais do Norte e Nordeste. O crescimento teve correlação positiva com a TMI (r = 0,609; p <0,001) e negativa com IDHM (r = -0,511; p = 0,007). Discussão: A epidemia tem sido uma lupa para as desigualdades no país, desnudando as iniquidades na saúde. O reconhecimento dos diferenciais regionais como condicionantes da dinâmica da COVID oferece direcionamento para medidas com foco em seus determinantes sociais.
This time-series study examined a 10-year historical series of the physical activity prevalence for leisure and transportation in the Brazilian adult population. Information from 512,969 adults interviewed from the Vigitel between 2010 and 2019 was analyzed. Individuals who reported practicing at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity or at least 75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity physical activity were considered active during leisure time. Individuals who reported walking or cycling to/from work, course, or school at least 30 minutes/day, equivalent to at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity, were considered active during transportation. The prevalence of physical activity for leisure and transportation was calculated annually and stratified by sex, age group, schooling, and race/skin color. The segmented regression model was applied to analyze the time series. Annual percent change and average annual percent change were calculated. Over time, the prevalence of physical activity for leisure increased, and the prevalence of physical activity for transportation decreased. The highest prevalence of physical activity for leisure was observed among males, young individuals, and those with high education. Older adults, those with high education, and white people presented the lowest prevalence of active transport. Policymakers should propose strategies that encourage and facilitate physical activity for leisure in women, individuals aged ≥ 35 years, and those with less education (< 12 years), and physical activity for transportation among older adults (≥ 60 years), those with high education (≥ 12 years), and white people.
Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of the incidence and mortality rate for prostate, breast, colorectal, lung, cervical, stomach and laryngeal cancer among residents in the city of Cuiabá between 2008 and 2016. Methods: Time series study with data from the Mortality Information System and the Population-Based Cancer Registry. Stratified by sex, the proportional distribution of new cases and deaths by age group and the cancer incidence and mortality rates standardized by the world population were calculated. Linear regression was used and the annual percentage change (APC) was estimated. Results: In males, most new cases and deaths, for the main types of cancer, occurred among those aged 50 years or older, and the incidence rate of prostate cancer showed a tendency to decrease in the period (APC=-4.33%). For females, the proportion of new cases and deaths, due to breast and cervical cancer, were more frequent among women aged 50 years or younger, and lung, stomach and colorectal cancer among women aged 50 years or older. The incidence rate of breast cancer showed an increasing trend (APC=3.60%). For both sexes, the mortality rate remained stable. Conclusion: The incidence rate trend varied between sexes, an increase was observed for breast cancer among women and a reduction for prostate cancer among men. The mortality rate for the main types of cancer was stable.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate screening mammography in the last two years, sociodemographic factors, and healthcare service use among women aged 40–69 years living in a Brazilian urban center. Methods: The data are part of a household survey called “MOVE-SE Academias” (2014/2015) carried out in Belo Horizonte (MG). The sample was selected using a stratified three- stage cluster sampling: Health Academy Program units distributed in the city, census tracts, and households. Pearson’s chi-square test was used in the analysis. Results: Of the 371 women included in this study with a mean age of 52.5 years, 66.2% among those aged 40–49 years (n = 157) and 75.7% among those aged 50–69 years (n = 214) reported being submitted to mammography within two years before the interview. When it comes to women aged 40–49 and 50–69 years, a higher proportion was found among those with higher schooling (p = 0.011 and p = 0.001), who had been to medical appointments in less than one year (p = 0.024 and p < 0.001), who had performed the Pap smear test in less than two years (p < 0.001 for both groups) and who reported having a private health insurance (p = 0.007 and p = 0.008). Higher family income was associated only with the performance of the screening exam among women aged 40–49 years (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Our results suggest inequalities in access to health services for breast cancer screening, modulated by socioeconomic factors, including private health insurance. Prioritizing more vulnerable groups in cancer screening as a public policy can contribute to reducing health inequalities.
Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal da taxa de incidência e mortalidade por câncer de próstata, mama, colorretal, pulmão, colo de útero, estômago e laringe entre residentes no município de Cuiabá entre 2008 e 2016. Métodos: Estudo de séries temporais com informações do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional. Foram calculadas, estratificado por sexo, a distribuição proporcional dos casos novos e óbitos por faixa etária e as taxas de incidência e mortalidade por câncer padronizadas pela população mundial. Foi empregada a regressão linear e estimada a variação percentual anual (VPA). Resultados: No sexo masculino, a maioria dos casos novos e óbitos, para os principais tipos de câncer, ocorreu entre aqueles com 50 anos ou mais, e a taxa de incidência de câncer de próstata apresentou tendência de redução no período (VPA=-4,33%). Para o sexo feminino, a proporção de casos novos e óbitos, por câncer de mama e colo de útero, foram mais frequentes entre mulheres com 50 anos ou menos, e câncer de pulmão, estômago e colorretal entre as mulheres com 60 anos ou mais. A tendência da taxa de incidência de câncer de mama foi crescente (VPA=3,60%). Para ambos os sexos, a taxa de mortalidade apresentou estabilidade. Conclusão: A tendência da taxa de incidência variou entre os sexos, foi observado aumento para câncer de mama entre mulheres e redução para câncer de próstata entre homens. A taxa de mortalidade para os principais tipos de câncer apresentou estabilidade.
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