Este artigo consiste em uma abordagem de Ressurreição (1872), primeiro romance de Machado de Assis. Na obra, o comportamento do protagonista Félix é visto pelo narrador como fruto da natureza singular do personagem. Félix teria um caráter incongruente que o tornaria propenso a desconfiar, em razão do que sentiria ciúmes infundados de Lívia e teria dúvidas quanto a se casar com ela. O narrador parte da premissa de que o matrimônio seria um benefício inquestionável, de modo que somente um desconfiado como Félix o refutaria. No entanto, esse mesmo narrador entra em contradição ao expor que o casamento poderia ter aspectos problemáticos para alguns pares do romance. O texto que se segue buscará explorar essa contradição.
Resumo Propõe-se, neste artigo, uma leitura do conto “Felicidade pelo casamento”, de Machado de Assis. Embora o argumento da narrativa seja o de que os conflitos de F. se limitem a sua possibilidade de vencer obstáculos internos, e assim se casar e ser feliz, sugerimos que a solução positiva dada ao personagem depende de seu ambiente externo excepcionalmente favorável. Trazendo contraprova ao argumento, fazemos uma comparação do conto com Ressurreição, primeiro romance machadiano. Nele, Félix vivencia obstáculos similares aos de F., não os ultrapassa, não se casa, e fica infeliz. Embora o narrador insista em que esse destino seja devido ao caráter do personagem, no desfecho, acaba indicando que o meio social do herói poderia estar vinculado a seus dilemas.
This research establishes a comparison between short stories and novels written by Machado de Assis during the decades of 1860 and 1870, on the one hand, and Brazilian plays pertaining to the theatrical realism, which has been developed in Brazil during the decades of 1850 and 1860, on the other hand. The comparison focuses representations of familial order in those texts. Considering that Machado de Assis was an enthusiast of the theatrical realism, as many of his journalistic texts show, it is possible to identify important similarities between the author's prose and Brazilian realistic plays, in their approach to matters related to familial order. Those texts usually associate these matters with discussions about the changes in the paradigm of family relations in Brazil in the 19th century, standing up for volitional marriage, an ideal of the rising urban bourgeoisie, in contrast to patriarchal arranged marriage, commonly practiced by rural elites. It is possible to recognize an esthetical-ideological structure in both Machado de Assis's prose and realistic plays, characterized by the idea that art had a didactic and moralizing objective, contributing to the development of society institutions such as family and marriage, which these texts present in a positive way. The thesis is divided into two sections. The first one is dedicated to Machado de Assis's prose, including the first four novels written by the author and a selection of the short stories he has published during the selected period. The second one offers an interpretation of some of Brazilian realistic plays, almost all of which were commented by Machado de Assis. From the comparison between these plays and the productions studied at the first section, we argue that Machado de Assis incorporated esthetical elements from theatrical realism, in order to compose a literature directed towards concrete life, which the author stands up for in some of his short stories. This literature, as we shall see, is consistent with the discussions about family and social institutions that are presented in the writer's prose in the decades of 1860 and 1870.
This paper discusses "Qual dos dois?" (1872/73), written by Machado de Assis. The categorization of the text is problematic, considering that it is classified as a "short story" in the complete works of the writer despite being called a "novel" within the narrative. In that sense, "Qual dos dois?" allows us to reflect upon possible border relations between "short story" and "novel" in Machado de Assis' work. In order to do that, the characteristics of "Qual dos dois?" will be discussed based on a brief comparison of this narrative with Ressurreição (1872), consensually established as Machado de Assis' first novel. Resumo Este estudo propõe uma leitura de "Qual dos dois?" (1872/73), de Machado de Assis. A categorização do texto é problemática, uma vez que ele é classificado como "conto" nas obras completas do escritor, mas é denominado "romance" no interior da narrativa. Desse modo, "Qual dos dois?" dá ensejo a que exploremos possíveis relações fronteiriças entre "conto" e "romance" na obra de Machado de Assis. Para empreender essa tarefa, o estatuto de "Qual dos dois?" será discutido a partir de uma breve comparação desse texto com Ressurreição (1872), consensualmente estabelecido como o primeiro romance machadiano.
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