Healthy social and emotional development and longer-term outcomes for children are shaped by factors across the multiple levels (micro, meso, exo, macro) of a child’s environment. By employing a novel systems science and participatory approach, we were able to co-produce a series of causal loop diagrams that detail the complex relationships between variables operating at the community or neighborhood environment level (e.g., features of the built environment such as: housing type, access, availability, and location; parks and greenspace, facilities such as community services, and other service infrastructure such as transit), and highlight the individual and collective impacts these relationships can have on the subsystem surrounding a child’s social and emotional well-being. Our approach provides a unique lens of knowledge through which communities can identify key leverage points for action and (re)design of community spaces, practices, and policy.
Aerodynamics of circular cylinders with conical shaped pointed forebodies is studied experimentally at a subcritical Reynolds number of around 10 5 Attention is focused primarily on the side force coefficient at high angles of attack which has a maximum value comparable to that of lift and drag The main objective is to minimize the side force, which may lead to a large undesirable yawing moment Effectiveness of several procedures such as surface roughness helical strakes modified tip geometries, and tip rotation is assessed Results suggest nose boom and tip rotation to be promising in achieving this objective Nomenclature A = cyclinder cross sectional area wd 2 /4of conical sections (Fig 1) Re = Reynolds number pVd/n, S = side force V -freestream velocity o: = angle of attack a i <*2 <*3 -a p ex angles of conical forebodies (Fig 1) fji = viscosity of air P = density of air co = angular velocity of conical tip
Background
Employment improves mental health and well-being by providing financial security, daily structure, a sense of identity and purpose, and social engagement. However, securing and sustaining employment is exceptionally challenging for vulnerable populations who experience persistent and multiple barriers, such as mental illness, homelessness, food and housing insecurity, and marginalization. Evidence-based supported employment programs, most notably individual placement and support (IPS) are becoming a more common approach for addressing the needs of these high-risk individuals. The aim of this paper is to outline the protocol for evaluating an IPS program in Vancouver’s downtown and Downtown Eastside (DTES).
Methods and design
This prospective quasi-experimental study of persons with persistent and multiple barriers to employment will use a mixed-methods approach for evaluating a novel IPS program. The evaluation will consist of survey packages and interviews that will capture outcomes related to employment and well-being, as well as the experiential process of receiving individualized and integrated supports through the IPS program. A mixed-methods approach is appropriate for this study as quantitative data will provide an objective assessment of program impacts on employment and well-being outcomes over time, while qualitative data will provide an in-depth understanding of continued barriers and experiences.
Discussion
The results from this evaluation will contribute evidence within a local British Columbian (BC) context that may increase access to meaningful employment for those with long-term experience of complex barriers to employment. Further, the findings will support continued improvements, and guide decision-making around practices and policy for future implementation of IPS and employment supports across BC.
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