Purpose of the study: Firstly, to construct a modified human development index by incorporating new dimensions (democracy and employment). Secondly, to measure and compare human development progress in Indonesian provinces. Thirdly, to examine the nexus between human development, economic growth, and democracy during the period 2010-2017.
Methodology: Principle Component Analysis (PCA) method is employed to combining components into one index (composite index) which we call MHDI. The panel simultaneous equation model is applied to examine the nexus between human development, economic growth, and democracy.
Main Findings: There were significant ranking differences between MHDI and HDI-UNDP in 24 provinces of 33 Indonesian provinces. The most significant ranking differences were found in several provinces, especially Maluku, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Central Kalimantan. The study found a strong two-way relationship between human development and economic growth as well as between human development and democracy.
Applications of this study: This study recommends that human development policies supported by rapid economic growth and democratic stability should be one of the development priorities through government spending and support from private investment (the private sector) which focuses on the development of education and health infrastructure throughout the Indonesian province.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study employs different methods for constructing a human development index by incorporating a new dimension (democracy and employment).
The first purpose of this paper is to develop or construct a new human development composite index and applied to measure the performance of human development in the village / district of West Seram Regency. The second, to develop the priority scale of human development planning. This paper applies quantitative analysis method that is principal component regression (PCR) and clustering analysis (CA). Data is sourced from the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) of West Seram Regency of year 2016. Application of principal component regression and clustering analysis method, aims to improve the aggregation method of human development composite index developed by UNDP. Composite index compositions resulting from principal component regression and IPM-UNDP largely result in different ranking information but in some villages have the same rank. Based on K-means clustering analysis, there were 3 main clusters, namely high, medium and low cluster. The number of villages in the high cluster is 6 villages, the medium cluster is 13 villages and low cluster is 14 villages.
Elementary school students generally consider mathematics learning difficult, especially in the matter of multiplication, so a method is needed to develop and improve mathematical calculation skills. One method that can be used is the cross line method. This research aims to improve the ability to calculate multiplication using the cross line method. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with the subject of research on third grade students of SD Negeri 9 Tanrutedong, South Sulawesi. Techniques of data collection were test and observation. The instruments used were test sheets and observation sheets. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the use of the cross line method could improve students' ability to calculate multiplication. This is indicated by the increase in: (1) The average score of the ability to count in the first cycle of 67.39 increased in the second cycle to 92.00, (2) The achievement of student learning completeness from the first cycle of 65.22% increased in the second cycle to 100%, and (3) the increase in the average percentage of student activity in the learning process by 77.78% in the first cycle to 94.68% in the second cycle
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