This study aims to produce teaching materials in the form of CTL-based worksheets for class XI at Senior High School. The method used in this research is the method of development. The initial stage is an analysis of the teaching materials used by teachers at school. Before being tested on class XI students, the worksheets were validated by experts as well as physics teachers and students at Senior High School 1 Gunung Tuleh. After being validated, improvements were made according to the suggestions given. The average results of the validation of learning experts, physicists, and linguists were 0.77, 0.90, and 0.81 from all aspects. The practical value of teachers and students is 79.68 and 87.43 with the valid category. After testing the validity and practicality of the physics learning videos, the results of the effectiveness test of the learning videos were obtained to measure students' critical and creative thinking skills. The average N-gain values are 0.22 and 0.26. With the overall results obtained, it can be concluded that the contextual-based worksheets that have been developed are suitable for use in learning activities
Numerous studies have been conducted on an inversion method, focus on constraining factor,singuler value, speed of convergence. However, the result of inversion is not unique and bivalent. In this research, we optimize of Least-Square constrain by using damping factor. Th is method used for interpretation of the volumes and rock structure in Malalak Distric of Agam West Sumatra. This is undertaken because Malalak districts of Agam West Sumatra that passed by highway Padang and Bukittingi is a frequent area of landslide. Furthermore, the frequency of the landslide depends on the type of rock and the angle of the slope . The depth of the slide surface can be predicted by using the least squares inversion constrain method of Geoelectric Resistivity. Landslides resulted in disruption of transportation between the city of Padang and another district in Sumatra. Based on the above, to determine the rock's structure, the depth and tilt angle of the slide surface in Malalak districts Agam West Sumatra has to take place. Data obtained through Geoelectrical exploration using with automatic resistivitymeter equipment. Constrains were obtained using the Marquat inversion method. The result of the research is first, the damping factor for structures which have wide range resistivity is 0.02 and the smallest damping factor is 0.015. Second, the rock structure in Malalak of Agam consists of clay, sandstone, andesite, and limestone and dolomite. Implementation this research can be used to develop mitigation of landslide deserter.
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