Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is associated with a significant reduction in ovarian reserve. This is a consequence of damage to the ovarian vascularity and the removal of an increased amount of ovarian tissue.

Fetuses with lean and/or hypo-coiled umbilical cord showed a noticeable decrease in UV blood flow of sufficient magnitude that could affect fetal growth, and this could explain the higher prevalence of fetal intrapartum complications in growth-restricted fetuses.

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