Intestinal parasites and nutritional deficiency can coexist and influence each other. This study aimed to clarify the association between Giardia genotypes and presence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) among pre-school Egyptian children. Two groups (IDA and non-anaemic) of giardiasis children (44/group) were selected according to their recovery response after treatment of giardiasis. Each group included 24 and 20 gastrointestinal symptomatic and asymptomatic, respectively. Giardia human genotypes were performed by intergenic spacer (IGS) gene based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with high-resolution melting curve (HRM). PCR/HRM proved that Tms of assemblage A and B ranged from 79.31 ± 0.29 to 84.77 ± 0.31. In IDA patients, assemblages A and B were found among 40/44 (90.9 %) and 4/44 (9.1 %), respectively, while in non-anaemic patients, assemblages A and B were found in 10/44 (22.7 %) and 32/44 (72.7 %), respectively, beside two (4.6 %) cases had mixed infection. The difference was statistically significant. No significant relation was found between symptomatic or asymptomatic assemblages and IDA as assemblage A was found in 21/24 (87.5 %) and 19/20 (95 %) of symptomatic and asymptomatic, respectively, while 3/24 (12.5 %) and 1/20 (5 %) of assemblage B were symptomatic was asymptomatic, respectively. A significant relation was found between assemblage A subtypes distribution among IDA patients as AI and AII were detected on 23 (52.3 %) and 16 (36.4 %) of patients, respectively, while one case (2.3 %) had mixed infection. In conclusion, assemblage A is predominant among IDA giardiasis children suggesting its role in enhancing the occurrence of IDA while B has a protective role.
Myiasis is the infestation of human tissues by dipterous fly larvae of the class Insecta. Clogmia albipunctatus, family Psychodidae, is one of the most medically important insects that cause human myiasis. The aim of the present study is the morphological identification and the molecular characterization of moth flies causing many cases of urinary myiasis in Egypt, based on sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA of the larvae. Seven urinary samples of patients complaining of urinary symptoms and giving a history of low socioeconomic level were examined. Recovered larvae were identified using light microscopy and SEM. For molecular identification, the mitochondrial genes Cytochrome B (cytB), NADH1, NADH1, and 16S were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. The morphological and molecular characterization could accurately diagnose our patients to have C. albipunctatus infestation. Such results provided the initial set of data on the molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of moth flies based on DNA barcoding in Egypt.
SummaryVisceral Larva Migrans (VLM) syndrome is commonly caused by larvae of roundworms Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati. Human toxocarosis is a soil-transmitted zoonosis, which may result in partial or general pathological changes in host tissues. We reported a case of 14-year-old boy presented with severe dry cough without dyspnea, mild chest and abdominal pain with general fatigue. Examination of peripheral blood showed marked increase in eosinophils. The chest radiography showed an infi ltrative shadow in the lung fi elds. Chest CT demonstrated multiple opacities in both lungs. Abdominal CT showed multiple low attenuation areas in the liver. Ultrasound guided liver biopsy revealed granulomas with severe eosinophilic infi ltration. The boy was treated with albendazole and responded radically. It is worth mentioning that this is the fi rst case of hepato-pulmonary VLM syndrome in Egypt.
Background: Papular urticaria is a prevalent disturbing condition manifested by chronic or recurring papules caused by a hypersensitivity response to the bites of mosquitoes, bedbugs, fleas, and other insects. D. gallinae was previously indicated as an etiological agent for papular urticaria and chronic itching by several researchers worldwide. Objective: To throw light on D. gallinae as a cause of papular urticaria in Upper Egypt discussing associating risk factors. Material and Methods: The present study evaluated patients attending the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, Sohag University Hospitals, Egypt, and who were diagnosed as papular urticaria. Some patients with recurrent papular lesions gave history of exposure to domestic poultry or birds' nests and insect bites. They were selected from 97 patients who complained of itching. They were advised to bring any insects suspected of biting them or that come in contact with their skin, which were then referred to the Parasitology Unit for identification by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The examined arthropods were identified as D. gallinae in thirty cases and human fleas in two cases. LM and SEM showed the remarkable identifying features of D. gallinae female. Contact with sources of infection (insects) either birds' nests or chicken husbandry was proved to be a risk factor for recurrent papular urticaria. Contact of the same family members to the same source of infection caused prevalence of arthropods borne recurrent papular urticaria among family members. Gender and residence were not associated risk factors. Conclusion: This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first repot of D. gallinae infestation in Egypt. Pruritic dermatitis caused by D. gallinae (associated with papules and vesicles) may sometimes be mistaken for scabies. Therefore, meticulous history recording, and environmental inspection are necessary to discover the etiology of recurrent papular urticaria.
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