Morphological and initial  molecular characterization of Clogmia albipunctatus larvae (Diptera: Psychodidae) causing urinary myiasis in Egypt

Farrag, Haiam Mohamed Mahmoud; Huseein, Enas Abdelhameed Mahmoud; Almatary, Amal M.; Othman, Ragaa A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007887

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The main species reported to cause oral myiasis are Cochliomyia hominivorax , Chrysomya bezziana , Musca domestica , Sarcophaga species, Luciliasericata , Lucilia cuprina , Musca nebulo , Oestrus ovis , Calliphoridae , Dermatobia hominis , Hypoderma bovis , Hypoderma tarandi and Wohlfahrtia magnifica [ 2 ]. Larvae of Clogmia albipunctata had been reported to cause human nasopharyngeal myiasis [ 12 ], intestinal myiasis [ 6 , 8 ] and urinary myiasis [ 5 , 7 ]. However, the case of human residual root myiasis caused by Clogmia albipunctata larvae had never been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rare case of residual root myiasis caused by Clogmia albipunctata larvae (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Dental injury caused by caries and trauma is the main cause of residual roots. Food trapped in the residual roots is difficult to clean. If the residual roots are not treated and cared for in time, flies can take advantage as soon as hygiene slips. Here, we present a rare case of human residual root myiasis caused by Clogmia albipunctata larvae, never previously reported. Case presentation A 26-year-old lady found two active, living larvae in her mouth while brushing her teeth. She did not present with fever, pain and any uncomfortable oral feeling. The intraoral examination revealed the right second mandibular molar was severely damaged as a result of caries, leaving a residual tooth root. The mucosa above it was mildly erythematous and edematous. No larvae and no inflamed gums were observed in her mouth. When normal saline was used to flush the area of the residual root with a syringe, four larvae appeared from the residual root. The larvae were observed by naked eye and under a light microscope. They were identified as the mature stage larvae of Clogmia albipunctata. Because the patient was in lactation, medication was not recommended. Treatment included the removal of all visible larvae followed by flushing the residual root with normal saline three times a day. The patient was followed-up weekly for one month. No more larvae were found and the erythematous and edematous mucosa healed completely. Conclusions The existence of a residual root can result in residual root myiasis. Myiasis caused by Clogmia albipunctata larvae or other fly larvae should be considered in cases of residual root infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From previous morphological characters and comparing them to literatures [ 5 – 8 ], the larvae were identified as the mature stage larvae of Clogmia albipunctata (Diptera: Psychodidae) .…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case of residual root myiasis caused by Clogmia albipunctata larvae (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

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“… Clogmia albipunctata is a psychodid fly with a nearly worldwide distribution. This species has been implicated as a cause of urogenital ( El-Dib et al 2017 ; Farrag et al 2019 ), intestinal ( Tu et al 2007 ; Mokhtar et al 2016a ), and nasopharyngeal ( Nevill et al 1969 ; Mohammed and Smith 1976 ) myiasis, sometimes under the name Telmatoscopus albipuntatus . Psychodid flies reported as causative agents of urogenital and intestinal myiasis is usually due to the incidental finding of the flies in toilets, latrines, sinks, and bathtubs.…”

Section: Checklist Of Eukaryotic Human Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae

Mathison¹,

Sapp²

2021

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The classification of “parasites” in the medical field is a challenging notion, a group which historically has included all eukaryotes exclusive of fungi that invade and derive resources from the human host. Since antiquity, humans have been identifying and documenting parasitic infections, and this collective catalog of parasitic agents has expanded considerably with technology. As our understanding of species boundaries and the use of molecular tools has evolved, so has our concept of the taxonomy of human parasites. Consequently, new species have been recognized while others have been relegated to synonyms. On the other hand, the decline of expertise in classical parasitology and limited curricula have led to a loss of awareness of many rarely encountered species. Here, we provide a comprehensive checklist of all reported eukaryotic organisms (excluding fungi and allied taxa) parasitizing humans resulting in 274 genus-group taxa and 848 species-group taxa. For each species, or genus where indicated, a concise summary of geographic distribution, natural hosts, route of transmission and site within human host, and vectored pathogens are presented. Ubiquitous, human-adapted species as well as very rare, incidental zoonotic organisms are discussed in this annotated checklist. We also provide a list of 79 excluded genera and species that have been previously reported as human parasites but are not believed to be true human parasites or represent misidentifications or taxonomic changes.

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“…Additionally, most ingested larvae are unable to complete their life cycle in the human digestive system. Dysuria, polycoria, hematuria, nausea, and vomiting are clinical symptoms reported in patients with urogenital and intestinal myiasis [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Such complaints are due to inflammatory reactions induced by larvae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clogmia albipunctata (Nematocera; Psychodidae) as the Etiologic Agent of Myiasis: True or False?

et al. 2022

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Clogmia albipunctata, known as drain fly, is a non-hematophagous insect of the Psychodidae family with worldwide distribution, particularly in tropical and temperate areas. It can be found near sewer drains, sewage treatment plants, plant pots, swamps, and any other place containing decaying or moist organic matter. It has been introduced in several publications as the causative agent of myiasis in humans. A case presentation, together with a compilation of findings from a database, including 51 scientific publications in the literature, allowed us to overview critically in detail the variable aspects of epidemiology, life cycle, biology, and medical importance of this insect and its probable role in human myiasis. The absence of a precise definition of myiasis and the lack of incontestable epidemiological, entomological, and clinical evidence in the articles introducing C. albipunctata as a causative agent led us to interrogate its role in human myiasis. It is necessary to take into account this misinterpretation and make an accurate diagnosis based on the isolation of insect larvae from the corresponding lesion.

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Morphological and initial molecular characterization of Clogmia albipunctatus larvae (Diptera: Psychodidae) causing urinary myiasis in Egypt

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

A rare case of residual root myiasis caused by Clogmia albipunctata larvae (Diptera: Psychodidae)

A rare case of residual root myiasis caused by Clogmia albipunctata larvae (Diptera: Psychodidae)

An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae

Clogmia albipunctata (Nematocera; Psychodidae) as the Etiologic Agent of Myiasis: True or False?

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