Background Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). SOX2 is a transcription factor that acts on various phases of embryonic development and its overexpression in many tumors has been reported. Aim This work aimed to evaluate the possible role of SOX2 in pathogenesis of non‐melanoma skin cancer through its immunohistochemical assessment in BCC and SCC compared to normal skin and correlating its expression with the established prognostic factors. Methods The investigated cases were 24 BCC, 21 SCC, and 26 normal skin specimens. Results SOX2 was not expressed in normal skin, but it was upregulated in SCC (85.7%) and BCC (66.7%), with a significant difference between malignant cases and normal skin (p < 0.001). However, SOX2 expression did not differ between SCC and BCC. SOX2 expression was associated with large‐sized tumors in all malignant cases (BCC plus SCC) (p = 0.02) and in SCC (p = 0.043) alone together with its liability to be expressed in advanced stage in SCC (p = 0.063). Conclusions SOX2 was over‐expressed in cutaneous SCC and BCC without a significant difference. SOX2 may enhance progression of NMSC manifested by its association with large tumor size and advanced stage.
Background Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) mainly includes basal (BCC) and squamous (SCC) cell carcinoma. Trophoblast cell-surface antigen2 (TROP2), a cell–signal transduction, is one of the tumor-related calcium signal transducer gene family. TROP2 was highly expressed in many cancers, however, its role in BCC and SCC has not yet been studied. Objective To investigate TROP2 immunohistochemical expression in BCC and SCC (lesional and peri-lesional) skin compared to controls and correlates its expression with the clinicopathologic parameters of the studied cases. Methods This case–control study included 17 BCC and 15 SCC patients as well as 12 age and sex matched controls. History and clinical examination were completed. Histological examination of skin biopsies was done together with TROP2 immune-staining. Results In the studied BCC and SCC cases, there was a significant stepwise up-regulation of TROP2 H score from control to peri-lesional, ended by lesional epidermis in one hand (p=0.003 for BCC and p<0.001 for SCC) and tumor island in another hand (p=0.001 for BCC and p=0.003 for SCC). TROP2 expression in both BCC and SCC tumor tissues was not affected by any of the studied clinicopathological parameters of the investigated cases. Conclusion TROP2 could have an important role in BCC and SCC pathogenesis. TROP2 targeting may have appraising effect in clinical application in BCC and SCC management.
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