The aim of this study was to explore the changes in electroretinogram of rabbit retina and apoptosis in methotrexate-induced toxicity. Rabbits were divided into 5 groups. Group I served as control in which saline solutions was injected intravitreally. Methotrexate (800 μg, 1.76 μmol) was injected into the vitreous of both eyes of rabbits groups II, III, IV and V by an insulin injector with a 26 gauge needle under general anesthesia. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinogram (ERG) after 2, 4, 10 days and one month then animals were decapitated. The eyes were enucleated and processed for DNA fragmentation studies by gel electrophoresis to retinae and measurement of caspase-3 activities. The results indicated a significant reduction (p ˂ 0.05) in a- and b-wave, a time-dependent appearance of the typical ladder pattern of internucleosomal fragmentation, a characteristic of apoptosis and increase of relative caspase-3 activity after methotrexate intravitreal injection. Methotrexate lead to apoptosis, increase of caspase-3 and affect retinal function.
يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على : تطبيق مفهوم وأهداف الجودة الشاملة كعملية تحسين مستمر لتخطيط النشاط الرياضى الطلابي بالوحدات السكنية فى الجامعات السودانية وذلك من خلال دراسة رضا المستفيدين ( الطلاب )عن مستوى جودة الخدمة المقدمة وتحسين كفاءة أدائهم و اقتراح عملية التحسين من خلال مسح آراء عينة البحث تم اختيار الاستبانة كاداة بعد تقنينه والمنهج لوصفى المسحى لمناسبته لطبيعة البحث وجاءت اهم النتائج فى عد م رضاء افراد عينة البحث عن الخدمات المقدمة اقترح الباحثون إعادة صياغة رؤية وأهداف النشاط الطلابي بالمجمعات السكنية الطلابية فى ضوء بيئة سكنية مريحة وحافزة لإبداع الطلابو تبنى منظومة تتيح للطلاب فى المجمعات السكنية فر ص اكتساب المهارات البدنية والاجتماعية وممارسة الحياة الصحية. وإنتاج المعرفة واستيعاب . ثقافة التكنولوجيا ومراجعة بنية التعليم الجامعى بادخال مواد النشاط الطلابي ضمن تقييم فاعلية الطلاب او كبديل للمشروعات البحثية فى التخصصات النظرية وفى تقويم اداء التوجيه المجتمعى
Introduction
One of the most recent techniques in imaging tumors is the diffusion-weighted MRI. It provides information regarding the metabolic, molecular, and pathophysiological aspects of tumors, especially thyroid gland cancer. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has also been proposed as a sensitive marker for monitoring treatment response in head and neck cancers. The biophysical mechanism of DWI is based on the translational motion of water molecules in tissues. The magnitude of this motion is characterized by its apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.
Objective
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the certainty of ADC value in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid lesions.
Materials and methods
Neck MRI with several sequences including DWI in the axial plane were carried out for 49 patients who presented with thyroid masses either benign or malignant. ADC maps were calculated by using the MRI machine software.
Results
A total of 49 patients (77.6%) were included in the present study. There were 11 men (22.4%) and 38 women patients (77.6%), with a mean age of 44.4 years. The lesions were benign in 31 cases (63.3%) and malignant in 18 cases (36.7%). The ADC values were significantly different (P<0.001) between benign and malignant lesions.
Conclusion
ADC value is a promising noninvasive imaging tool that can be used for characterization and differentiation of thyroid nodules.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.